In this paper we consider a transmission problem with a boundary damping condition of memory type, that is, the wave propagation over bodies consisting of two physically different types of materials. One component is clamped, while the other is in a viscoelastic fluid producing a dissipative mechanism on the boundary. We will study the global existence of solutions for the transmission problem, and moreover we show that if the relaxation function decays exponentially or polynomially, then the solutions for the problem have the same decay rates.