A transition to sustainable ocean governance

Rudolph, Tanya Brodie; Ruckelshaus, Mary; Swilling, Mark; Allison, Edward H.; Österblom, Henrik; Gelcich, Stefan; Mbatha, Philile

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17410-2

Cited by 109 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Much has been written about the failures of ocean governance and particularly of governments before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but could the private sector, and specifically the Ocean 100, be part of a new narrative for the ocean ( 59 , 60 ) that subsequently emerges and helps accelerate humanity’s progress toward achieving SDG 14? Given the mismatch between the current pace of change in humanity’s use of the ocean and formal governance responses ( 5 ), the answers to these questions may determine whether or not a more sustainable and equitable ocean economy—a truly “blue” economy—can be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ocean 100: Transnational corporations in the ocean economy

et al. 2021

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The ocean economy is growing as commercial use of the ocean accelerates, while progress toward achieving international goals for ocean conservation and sustainability is lagging. In this context, the private sector is increasingly recognized as having the capacity to hamper efforts to achieve aspirations of sustainable ocean-based development or alternatively to bend current trajectories of ocean use by taking on the mantle of corporate biosphere stewardship. Here, we identify levels of industry concentration to assess where this capacity rests. We show that the 10 largest companies in eight core ocean economy industries generate, on average, 45% of each industry’s total revenues. Aggregating across all eight industries, the 100 largest corporations (the “Ocean 100”) account for 60% of total revenues. This level of concentration in the ocean economy presents both risks and opportunities for ensuring sustainability and equity of global ocean use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ocean 100: Transnational corporations in the ocean economy

et al. 2021

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“…As multiple demands and stressors degrade the ocean, transformative change in ocean governance seems required, shifting current economic and social systems towards ocean stewardship, e.g. through incorporation of niche innovations within and across economic sectors and stakeholder communities (Brodie Rudolph et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Societal Transformation and Technological Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere

Folke

Polasky

Rockström

et al. 2021

Ambio

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The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality—of rising system-wide turbulence—calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations.

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“…While these species may potentially be accounted for in FAO landings classified as NEI or otherwise not resolved to the species level, such mismatches in taxonomic resolution challenge the synthesis of these datasets. Further, addressing the growing proportions of NEI tonnage in key regions such as Asia, requires greater transparency across interregional ocean and freshwater commons, and equitable sharing to transition toward better ecosystem-based management and protection of aquatic environments (Visbeck, 2018;Rudolph et al, 2020). For example, with China as a major presence in the South China Sea and being the largest contributor to catch globally (Gephart and Pace, 2015;Crona et al, 2020), it will need to play a pivotal role in the adoption of cooperative practices in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial Gaps in the Current Fisheries Data Landscape

et al. 2020

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Effective management of aquatic resources, wild and farmed, has implications for the livelihoods of dependent communities, food security, and ecosystem health. Good management requires information on the status of harvested species, yet many gaps remain in our understanding of these species and systems, in particular the lack of taxonomic resolution of harvested species. To assess these gaps we compared the occurrence of landed species (freshwater and marine) from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) global fisheries production database to those in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database, some of the largest and most comprehensive global datasets of consumed aquatic species. We also quantified the level of resolution and trends in taxonomic reporting for all landed taxa in the FAO database. Of the 1,695 consumed aquatic species or groups in the FAO database considered in this analysis, a large portion (35%) are missing from both of the other two global datasets, either IUCN or RAM, used to monitor, manage, and protect aquatic resources. Only a small number of all fished taxa reported in FAO data (150 out of 1,695; 9%) have both a stock assessment in RAM and a conservation assessment in IUCN. Furthermore, 40% of wild caught landings are not reported to the species level, limiting our ability to effectively account for the environmental impacts of wild harvest. Landings of invertebrates (44%) and landings in Asia (>75%) accounted for the majority of harvest without species specific information in 2018. Assessing the overlap of species which are both farmed and fished to broadly map possible interactions – which can help or hinder wild populations - we found 296 species, accounting for 12% of total wild landings globally, and 103 countries and territories that have overlap in the species caught in the wild and produced through aquaculture. In all, our work highlights that while fisheries management is improving in many areas there remain key gaps in data resolution that are critical for fisheries assessments and conservation of aquatic systems into the future.

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A transition to sustainable ocean governance

Cited by 109 publications

References 95 publications

The Ocean 100: Transnational corporations in the ocean economy

The Ocean 100: Transnational corporations in the ocean economy

Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere

Substantial Gaps in the Current Fisheries Data Landscape

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