A transient outflow model for pipeline puncture

Oke, Adeyemi; Mahgerefteh, H; Economou, Ioannis G.; Rykov, Yu. G.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(03)00338-5

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Finally, the use of specified time intervals method as opposed to the wave tracing method 24 for solving the conservation equations (see later) allows the placing of the appropriate boundary conditions for simulating emergency shutdown valve closure with relative ease. 26 Based on the HEM assumption, the conservation equations for one-dimensional (1-D) flow in a pipeline expressed in terms of pressure, specific enthalpy, and flow velocity as dependent variables are given by 7 :…”

Section: Pipeline Rupture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PipeTech's extensive validation against real pipeline rupture data is shown elsewhere (see for example 6,7 ). For the sake of completeness, Figures 1 and 2, respectively, show the comparison of the simulated intact (curve A) and open end (curve B) pressure and temperature variations with time against the Isle of Grain pipeline rupture data.…”

Section: Pipeline Rupture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 For example, the computational run time for the simulation of the complete depressurization of a 100 km, 0.8-m pipeline conveying natural gas at 100 bar following a 15-cm puncture is 18 h using a relatively high-specification (e.g., 2.66 GHz, 3.0-GB RAM) personal computer. This is despite significant progress in the development of fast solution algorithms such as nested grid systems, 6,7 interpolation techniques, 10 and the more fundamental approaches involving the formulation of the conservation equations using different combinations of primitive variables. 9 Paradoxically, long computational run times in the case of puncture failure simulation of pressurized vessels are of no concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When does a vessel become a pipe?

2011

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The conditions under which the transient outflow from a punctured pipeline may be approximated as that emanating from a vessel using a simplified analytically based vessel blowdown model (VBM) is investigated in this article. The above addresses the fundamental drawback of long computational run times associated with the numerically based techniques used for simulating pipeline puncture failures. The efficacy of the VBM is tested by comparison of its predictions against simulation data obtained using a validated rigorous but computationally demanding numerical technique based on the method of characteristics. The results show that the accuracy of the VBM increases with decreasing puncture/pipe diameter ratio, line pressure, and increasing pipeline length. Surprisingly, the VBM produces more accurate predictions for twophase mixtures when compared with permanent gases. This is found to be a consequence of the better applicability of the isothermal bulk fluid decompression assumption within the pipeline in the case of two-phase mixtures.

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Section: Pipeline Rupture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pipeline Rupture Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When does a vessel become a pipe?

2011

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“…The governing theory for determining the fluid dynamics such as the discharge rate and the fluid, temperature, pressure, and velocity profiles along the pipeline after its puncture has been described in our earlier publication (Oke et al, 2003) and thus only a brief account of the main features is given here. The procedure in essence involves the numerical solution of the mass, energy, and momentum conservation equations using a suitable technique such as the method of characteristics (MOC; Zucrow, 1976).…”

Section: Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the course of a series of recent studies (Mahgerefteh et al, 1997(Mahgerefteh et al, , 2000Oke et al, 2003), we developed a robust numerical simulation based on the method of characteristics (Zucrow, 1976) for simulating outflow after pipeline rupture. The model accounts for all of the important processes taking place during depressurization, including real fluid behavior, frictional effects, radial and axial flow in the proximity of a puncture, and the accompanying rapid pressure and thermal oscillations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling low‐temperature–induced failure of pressurized pipelines

Mahgerefteh

Atti

2005

AIChE Journal

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Modeling blowdown of pipelines under fire attack

Mahgerefteh

Abbasi

2007

AIChE Journal

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in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).The development of a mathematical model for simulating the blowdown of pressurized hydrocarbon conveying pipelines under fire attack is described. The model is based on the resolution of the conservation equations using the method of characteristics. It accounts for real fluid behavior, pipeline mechanical strength, as well as phase and flow dependent transient heat transfer effects, and frictional pressure losses. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the simulated triaxial thermal and pressure stresses in the pipeline wall exceed its ultimate tensile strength. The application of the model to a hypothetical example involving localized fire attack on an isolated natural gas pipeline reveals that the pipeline fails because of large thermal stresses on the outer surface in addition to the internal pressure stresses. The efficacy of emergency depressurization using different diameter relief valves as a means of protecting the pipeline mechanical integrity during fire attack is also quantitatively investigated.

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A transient outflow model for pipeline puncture

Cited by 57 publications

References 17 publications

When does a vessel become a pipe?

When does a vessel become a pipe?

Modeling low‐temperature–induced failure of pressurized pipelines

Modeling blowdown of pipelines under fire attack

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