A Transient Fault Recognition Method for an AC-DC Hybrid Transmission System Based on MMC Information Fusion

Chen, Jikai; Dou, Yiping; Li, Yang; Li, Jiang; Li, Guoqing

doi:10.3390/en10010023

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Meanwhile, this detection algorithm does not accurately indicate the time of fault detection. Reference [16] uses Renyi wavelet packet energy entropy (RWPEE) and Renyi wavelet packet time entropy (RWPTE) to extract the fault information from the modu- This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Diagnosis with Wavelet Packet Transform and Principal Component Analysis for Multi-terminal Hybrid HVDC Network

Chen

2021

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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In view of the fact that the wavelet packet transform (WPT) can only weakly detect the occurrence of fault, this paper applies a fault diagnosis algorithm including wavelet packet transform and principal component analysis (PCA) to the inverter-side fault diagnosis of multi-terminal hybrid highvoltage direct current (HVDC) network, which can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of fault diagnosis. Firstly, current amplitude and current slope are used to sample the data, and the WPT is used to extract the energy spectrum of the signal. Secondly, an energy matrix is constructed, and the PCA method is used to calculate whether the squared prediction error (SPE) statistics of various signals that can reflect the degree of deviation of the measured value from the principal component model at a certain time exceed the limit to judge the occurrence of the fault. Further, its maximum value is compared to determine the fault types. Finally, based on a large number of MATLAB/Simulink simulation results, it is shown that the PCA method using the current slope as the sampled data can detect the occurrence of a ground fault with small transition resistance within 2 ms, and identify the fault types within 10 ms, without being affected by the sampling frequency. Index Terms--Fault diagnosis, hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC), wavelet packet transform (WPT), principal component analysis (PCA).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Diagnosis with Wavelet Packet Transform and Principal Component Analysis for Multi-terminal Hybrid HVDC Network

Chen

2021

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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“…(1) To form the proposed MT-LFAC electrical energy system, we use M3Cs to convert the conventional frequency to low frequency with improved output waveforms on both sides. (2) The used M3Cs are controlled by the VSG-based control to enable power sharing and frequency stability in the LFAC network. The autonomous feature of the VSG control made the LFAC system more reliable and less communication-dependent in comparison to the existing master-slave control for point-to-point LFAC system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, neither technology is flawless. For example, the existence of the power electronic switches in the dc circuit breakers make them more vulnerable than the HVAC transmission system, especially when a fault takes place in the converter, due to the low dc-side impedances and sensitive semiconductor power converters [1,2]. On the other hand, the HVAC system offers advantages, such as more reliability of the well-known protection schemes and the change capability of voltage levels using transformers [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel Control Scheme for Multi-Terminal Low-Frequency AC Electrical Energy Transmission Systems Using Modular Multilevel Matrix Converters and Virtual Synchronous Generator Concept

et al. 2020

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This paper proposes a new control scheme for the low frequency AC transmission (LFAC) system aiming at extending the point-to-point configuration to form a multi-terminal electrical energy network. The multi-terminal low frequency ac (MT-LFAC) system configuration is based on the use of modular multilevel matrix converters (M3Cs) and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control. The M3C is the next ac/ac converter generation, which is used as an interface with the conventional AC network and the LFAC electrical energy system. Application of VSG control is proposed to enable proper power sharing, to provide synchronization of each terminal, and frequency stabilization, thus, to offer multiterminal forming capability. Two different operation modes are applied in the system to damp the frequency deviation after a dynamic perturbation, which provides additional stabilization feature to the VSG. Frequency restoration mode and commanded mode of power sharing are applied as dynamic states to validate the robustness of the VSG control system. Besides, to solve the negative impact of low X/R ratio in the LFAC electrical energy system, we enhance the VSG control by proposing a virtual-impedance-based solution, which increases the output total impedance on the low frequency side and prevents the coupling between P and Q. The operation of the proposed system is examined by simulation results with a precise model of M3Cs in the PSCAD/ EMTDC software environment (version 4.2.1, Winnipeg, MB, Canada).Energies 2020, 13, 747 2 of 19 delivery. However, neither technology is flawless. For example, the existence of the power electronic switches in the dc circuit breakers make them more vulnerable than the HVAC transmission system, especially when a fault takes place in the converter, due to the low dc-side impedances and sensitive semiconductor power converters [1,2]. On the other hand, the HVAC system offers advantages, such as more reliability of the well-known protection schemes and the change capability of voltage levels using transformers [3]. However, the HVAC transmission system's main disadvantage is the existence of the reactive power in comparison to no reactive power in the HVDC electrical energy system. Due to that, the existence of the reactive power can be translated as losses in the grid [4].The aforementioned points have led to an alternative solution which combines both sets of HVACs and HVDC advantages, known as a low frequency ac (LFAC) transmission system, or a fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS) [5][6][7]. This system transmits the power at a lower frequency range of about 1-60/3 Hz. The LFAC has already been proposed for the offshore wind energy and has offered attractive advantages compared to both transmission solutions. For example, in the HVDC electrical energy system, the implementation of a high capacity dc circuit breaker is difficult due to the absence of the zero crossing points of the DC current [8]. On the other hand, the LFAC system has zero-crossing, thus, the protection is more advantag...

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“…Wavelet transform is also very popular and useful in characterizing time-frequency features [10]- [12]. A number of forms, for example, wavelet entropy [13], wavelet energy [14], and relative entropy of wavelet energy [15], are widely employed. But the waveletbased features depend on the selection of wavelet basis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stacked Auto-Encoder-Based Transients Recognition in VSC-HVDC

et al. 2020

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For overhead long-distance high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines, transients are produced due to complicated field conditions and lightning activities. To ensure reliable operation of protection devices, accurate recognition of faults and disturbances is quite critical. The most popular recognition methods include threshold-based ones which require the proper setting of the threshold value, and classifier-based ones that need suitable feature extractions. These methods depend heavily on the experience of engineers or experts and are ineffective in dealing with the variation of system parameters. In this paper, a transient recognition method based on stack auto-encoder (SAE) is proposed to characterize different transients and to avoid human interferences. A symmetrical ±500kv HVDC system is modeled to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. The effect of some factors, such as noises and conductors, are discussed and compared. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SAE-based recognition has excellent potential in transient recognition of practical HVDC systems.INDEX TERMS Stacked auto-encoder, VSC-HVDC, transient recognition. I. INTRODUCTIONConsidering some advantages, such as lower loss, more flexible control, and larger transmission capacity, high voltage direct current (HVDC) becomes a better choice for longdistance power transmission. The traditional Line Commutated Converter (LCC) based HVDC transmission can only provide a point-to-point topology that connects two AC systems with large power sources. However, if the AC system is not strong enough and faults occur, the LCC-HVDC commutation failure may occur consequently. The wide use of controllable power electronics, such as IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), accelerates the development of Voltage Source Converters (VSCs), where active power and reactive power can be controlled separately. When compared with LCC-HVDC, the VSC-based ones can easily realize power reversal and avoid commutation failures [1], [2]. Also, VSC-HVDC is feasible to form practical meshed grids. VSC-HVDC transmission is a good choice to deliver large amounts of energy to loads in different regions [3], [4].The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Wuhui Chen .

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A Transient Fault Recognition Method for an AC-DC Hybrid Transmission System Based on MMC Information Fusion

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Fault Diagnosis with Wavelet Packet Transform and Principal Component Analysis for Multi-terminal Hybrid HVDC Network

Fault Diagnosis with Wavelet Packet Transform and Principal Component Analysis for Multi-terminal Hybrid HVDC Network

A Novel Control Scheme for Multi-Terminal Low-Frequency AC Electrical Energy Transmission Systems Using Modular Multilevel Matrix Converters and Virtual Synchronous Generator Concept

Stacked Auto-Encoder-Based Transients Recognition in VSC-HVDC

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