A transdiagnostic neuroanatomical signature of psychiatric illness

Gong, Qiyong; Scarpazza, Cristina; Dai, Jing; He, Meiling; Xu, Xin; Shi, Yan; Zhou, Baiwan; Vieira, Sandra; McCrory, Eamon; Ai, Yuan; Yang, Cheng; Zhang, Feifei; Lui, Su; Mechelli, Andrea

doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0175-9

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…This provides evidence for reliable neuroanatomical alternations in FEP, expressed above and beyond site-related differences in anti-psychotic medication, scanning parameters and recruitment criteria. With the increasing availability of larger datasets, future multi-centre mega-analyses could investigate the diagnostic specificity of these findings by integrating the data collected from people with different psychiatric diagnoses (Ellison-Wright & Bullmore, 2010;Gong et al, 2019). Conflict of interest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis across independent samples: a multi-centre mega-analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis (FEP) tend to be subtle and widespread. The vast majority of previous studies have used small samples, and therefore may have been underpowered. In addition, most studies have examined participants at a single research site, and therefore the results may be specific to the local sample investigated. Consequently, the findings reported in the existing literature are highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to overcome these issues by testing for neuroanatomical abnormalities in individuals with FEP that are expressed consistently across several independent samples. Methods Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were acquired from a total of 572 FEP and 502 age and gender comparable healthy controls at five sites. Voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate differences in grey matter volume (GMV) between the two groups. Statistical inferences were made at p < 0.05 after family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons. Results FEP showed a widespread pattern of decreased GMV in fronto-temporal, insular and occipital regions bilaterally; these decreases were not dependent on anti-psychotic medication. The region with the most pronounced decrease – gyrus rectus – was negatively correlated with the severity of positive and negative symptoms. Conclusions This study identified a consistent pattern of fronto-temporal, insular and occipital abnormalities in five independent FEP samples; furthermore, the extent of these alterations is dependent on the severity of symptoms and duration of illness. This provides evidence for reliable neuroanatomical alternations in FEP, expressed above and beyond site-related differences in anti-psychotic medication, scanning parameters and recruitment criteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis across independent samples: a multi-centre mega-analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Such tailoring is based on the assumption that a diagnosis provides information about the causes of the patient's disorder and that tailoring treatment to a diagnosis will ensure a good response and prognosis. However, the wisdom of overemphasizing a diagnosis is challenged by new evidence from neuroimaging studies, [4][5][6][7][8] genetic studies, [9][10][11] and riskprediction studies, [12][13][14] which reveal that major etiological findings are transdiagnostic. Moreover, since publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition) (DSM-III), 15 evidence has accumulated that sets of disorders and symptoms predictably co-occur.…”

Section: And the Public Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Disorders and Comorbidities Across 4 Decades Among Participants in the Dunedin Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Mental health professionals typically encounter patients at 1 point in patients' lives.This cross-sectional window understandably fosters focus on the current presenting diagnosis.Research programs, treatment protocols, specialist clinics, and specialist journals are oriented to presenting diagnoses, on the assumption that diagnosis informs about causes and prognosis. This study tests an alternative hypothesis: people with mental disorders experience many different kinds of disorders across diagnostic families, when followed for 4 decades. OBJECTIVETo describe mental disorder life histories across the first half of the life course. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study involved participants born in New Zealand from 1972 to 1973 who were enrolled in the population-representative Dunedin Study. Participants were observed from birth to age 45 years (until April 2019). Data were analyzed from May 2019 to January 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnosed impairing disorders were assessed 9 times from ages 11 to 45 years. Brain function was assessed through neurocognitive examinations conducted at age 3 years, neuropsychological testing during childhood and adulthood, and midlife neuroimaging-based brain age. RESULTSOf 1037 original participants (535 male [51.6%]), 1013 had mental health data available.The proportions of participants meeting the criteria for a mental disorder were as follows: 35% (346 of 975) at ages 11 to 15 years, 50% (473 of 941) at age 18 years, 51% (489 of 961) at age 21 years, 48% (472 of 977) at age 26 years, 46% (444 of 969) at age 32 years, 45% (429 of 955) at age 38 years, and 44% (407 of 927) at age 45 years. The onset of the disorder occurred by adolescence for 59% of participants (600 of 1013), eventually affecting 86% of the cohort (869 of 1013) by midlife. By age 45 years, 85% of participants (737 of 869) with a disorder had accumulated comorbid diagnoses.

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“…In healthy individuals, the neural substrate of the p ‐factor appears to encompass a distributed network of brain structures. Volumetric studies implicate grey matter reductions in prefrontal (Snyder, Hankin, Sandman, Head, & Davis, ), striatal (Gong et al, ), occipital and cerebellar regions (Moberget et al, ; Romer et al, ) in association with greater expression of p . In terms of white matter integrity, commonly indexed using diffusion imaging metrics, reduced integrity in callosal (Riem et al, ) and pontine‐cerebellar (Romer et al, ) pathways are also linked to the expression of a p ‐factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter tract myelin maturation and its association with general psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood

Vanes

Moutoussis

Ziegler

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Adolescence is a time period associated with marked brain maturation that coincides with an enhanced risk for onset of psychiatric disorder. White matter tract myelination, a process that continues to unfold throughout adolescence, is reported to be abnormal in several psychiatric disorders. Here, we ask whether psychiatric vulnerability is linked to aberrant developmental myelination trajectories. We assessed a marker of myelin maturation, using magnetisation transfer (MT) imaging, in 10 major white matter tracts. We then investigated its relationship to the expression of a general psychopathology "p-factor" in a longitudinal analysis of 293 healthy participants between the ages of 14 and 24. We observed significant longitudinal MT increase across the full age spectrum in anterior thalamic radiation, hippocampal cingulum, dorsal cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. MT increase in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus was pronounced in younger participants but levelled off during the transition into young adulthood. Crucially, longitudinal MT increase in dorsal cingulum and uncinate fasciculus decelerated as a function of mean p-factor scores over the study period. This suggests that an increased expression of psychopathology is closely linked to lower rates of myelin maturation in selective brain tracts over time. Impaired myelin growth in limbic association fibres may serve as a neural marker for emerging mental illness during the course of adolescence and early adulthood. K E Y W O R D S cingulum, general psychopathology, myelin, structural connectivity, uncinate fasciculus

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A transdiagnostic neuroanatomical signature of psychiatric illness

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis across independent samples: a multi-centre mega-analysis

Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis across independent samples: a multi-centre mega-analysis

Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Disorders and Comorbidities Across 4 Decades Among Participants in the Dunedin Birth Cohort Study

White matter tract myelin maturation and its association with general psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood

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