A transcriptomic atlas of Aedes aegypti reveals detailed functional organization of major body parts and gut regional specializations in sugar-fed and blood-fed adult females

Hixson, Bretta; Bing, Xiao‐Li; Yang, Xiaowei; Bonfini, Alessandro; Nagy, Péter; Buchon, Nicolas

doi:10.7554/elife.76132

Cited by 53 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The midgut, MTs, and ovaries are major tissues involved in these processes following a blood meal (Hixson et al, 2022). In general, after a blood meal, we observed a complex set of changes, characterized by dynamic profiles for each receptor in the brain, midgut, MTs, and ovaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…On the other hand, it is essential for the mosquito to quickly excrete toxic elements, such as heme groups (reactive species that can induce oxidative stress) and maintain salt and water homeostasis (Nikbakhtzadeh et al, 2016; Sajadi & Paluzzi, 2021). The midgut, MTs, and ovaries are major tissues involved in these processes following a blood meal (Hixson et al, 2022). In general, after a blood meal, we observed a complex set of changes, characterized by dynamic profiles for each receptor in the brain, midgut, MTs, and ovaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Octopamine and tyramine signaling inAedes aegypti:characterization, distribution and potential role in the Dengue vector development and physiology

Finetti

Paluzzi

Orchard

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In insects, the biogenic amines octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) are involved in controlling several physiological and behavioural processes. OA and TA act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators or neurohormones, performing their functions by binding to specific receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. OA and TA along with their receptors are involved in reproduction, smell perception, metabolism, and homeostasis. Moreover, OA and TA receptors are targets for insecticides and antiparasitic agents, such as the formamidine Amitraz. In the dengue and yellow fever vector, Aedes aegypti, limited research has been previously reported on their OA or TA receptors. Here, we identify and characterize the OA and TA receptors in A. aegypti. Bioinformatic tools have been used to identify four OA and three TA receptors in the genome of A. aegypti. The seven receptors are expressed in all developmental stages of A. aegypti; however, their highest transcript abundance is observed in the adult compared to the larval stages. Among several adult A. aegypti tissues examined, including the central nervous system, antennae and rostrum, midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovaries, and testes, the type 2 TA receptor (TAR2) transcript is most abundant in the ovaries and the type 3 TA receptor (TAR3) is enriched in the Malpighian tubules, leading us to hypothesize putative roles for these receptors in reproduction and diuresis, respectively. Furthermore, a blood meal influenced OA and TA receptor transcript expression patterns in adult female tissues at several time points post blood meal, suggesting these receptors may play key physiological roles associated with feeding. To better understand OA and TA signaling in A. aegypti, the transcript expression profiles of key enzymes in their biosynthetic pathway, namely tyrosine decarboxylase (Tdc) and tyramine β-hydroxylase (Tβh), were examined in developmental stages, adult tissues, and brains from blood-fed females. These findings provide information for better understanding the physiological roles of OA, TA, and their receptors in A. aegypti, and additionally, may help in the development of novel strategies for the control of these human disease vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine and tyramine signaling inAedes aegypti:characterization, distribution and potential role in the Dengue vector development and physiology

Finetti

Paluzzi

Orchard

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the first study characterizing immune gene transcript abundance in the Ae. aegypti crop was recently published by Hixson et al [88]. The authors propose that the predominant phenomenon in the crop would be immune recognition via orthologs of the Toll pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As bacteria transit from the mosquito crop to the midgut, gambicin and lysozyme produced in the proventriculus may exert selective pressure. In this scenario, the host's immune system would be shaping the seeding community of the posterior gut segments [88].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial communities of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes differ between crop and midgut tissues

Villegas

Radl

Dimopoulos

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Microbiota studies of Aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes generally focus on the bacterial communities found in adult female midguts. However, other compartments of the digestive tract maintain communities of bacteria which remain almost entirely unstudied. For example, the Dipteran crop stores nectar and other sugars, but few studies have looked at the microbiome of crops in mosquitoes, and only a single previous study has investigated the crop in Ae. aegypti. In this study, we used both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to compare the bacterial communities in midguts and crops of laboratory-reared Ae. aegypti. Both methods revealed a trend towards higher abundance, but also higher variability, of bacteria in the midgut than the crop. When present, bacteria from the genus Elizabethkingia (family Weeksellaceae) dominated midgut bacterial communities. In crops, we found a higher diversity of bacteria, and these communities were generally dominated by acetic acid bacteria (family Acetobacteriaceae) from the genera Tanticharoenia and Asaia. These three taxa drove significant community structure differences between the tissues. We used FAPROTAX to predict the metabolic functions of these communities and found that crop bacterial communities were significantly more likely to contain bacteria capable of methanol oxidation and methylotrophy. Both the presence of acetic acid bacteria (which commonly catabolize sugar to produce acetic acid) and the functional profile that includes methanol oxidation (which is correlated with bacteria found with natural sources like nectar) may relate to the presence of sugar in the crop. A better understanding of what bacteria are present in the digestive tract of mosquitoes and how these communities assemble will inform how the microbiota impacts mosquito physiology and the full spectrum of functions provided by the microbiota. It may also facilitate better methods of engineering the mosquito microbiome for vector control or prevention of disease transmission.

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“…aegypti atlas and Ae. aegypti developmental transcriptome by Akbari et al, in which CRVP379 is shown to be enriched in the ovaries and testes [ 37 , 38 ]. This finding was further corroborated by our western blotting and immunostaining experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypsin-like Inhibitor Domain (TIL)-Harboring Protein Is Essential for Aedes aegypti Reproduction

Tikhe

Cardoso-Jaime

Dong

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor-like domain (TIL)-harboring proteins are broadly distributed in nature but remain understudied in vector mosquitoes. Here we have explored the biology of a TIL domain-containing protein of the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti, cysteine-rich venom protein 379 (CRVP379). CRVP379 was previously shown to be essential for dengue virus infection in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Gene expression analysis showed CRVP379 to be highly expressed in pupal stages, male testes, and female ovaries. CRVP379 expression is also increased in the ovaries at 48 h post-blood feeding. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate two mutant lines of CRVP379 with mutations inside or outside the TIL domain. Female mosquitoes from both mutant lines showed severe defects in their reproductive capability; mutant females also showed differences in their follicular cell morphology. However, the CRVP379 line with a mutation outside the TIL domain did not affect male reproductive performance, suggesting that some CRVP379 residues may have sexually dimorphic functions. In contrast to previous reports, we did not observe a noticeable difference in dengue virus infection between the wild-type and any of the mutant lines. The importance of CRVP379 in Ae. aegypti reproductive biology makes it an interesting candidate for the development of Ae. aegypti population control methods.

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A transcriptomic atlas of Aedes aegypti reveals detailed functional organization of major body parts and gut regional specializations in sugar-fed and blood-fed adult females

Cited by 53 publications

References 80 publications

Octopamine and tyramine signaling inAedes aegypti:characterization, distribution and potential role in the Dengue vector development and physiology

Octopamine and tyramine signaling inAedes aegypti:characterization, distribution and potential role in the Dengue vector development and physiology

Bacterial communities of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes differ between crop and midgut tissues

Trypsin-like Inhibitor Domain (TIL)-Harboring Protein Is Essential for Aedes aegypti Reproduction

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