A transcriptomic analysis of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon lenses with and without cataracts

Finn, Roderick Nigel; Remø, Sofie C.; Fjelldal, Per Gunnar; Chauvigné, François; Glover, Kevin A.; Hansen, Tom; Waagbø, Rune

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108150

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…During early sampling, these growth-stunted fish, also known as loser fish, displayed aberrant behaviors and low or null appetite, and were, therefore, characterized by a lean body (Vindas et al 2016). It is thought that these loser fish are those poorly adapted to seawater, but salmon can also become stunted as a result of injury and disease (Noble et al 2018). This is in line with the present observations, as both the sampled diploid and the sampled triploid groups exhibited high incidence of poor WI-scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scoring of individual fish according to the FISHWELL morphological welfare indicator (WI) scoring scheme (Noble et al 2018) was performed either by the fish farmer or by a scientist from the current project. The FISHWELL scheme employs standardized scoring of WI levels from 0 to 3, and is a simplification of the Salmon Welfare Index Model (Pettersen et al 2014;Stien et al 2013).…”

Section: Welfare Scoring Of Sampled Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) performance and welfare under commercial farming conditions in Norway

Madaro

Kjøglum

Hansen

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Aquaculture

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Avoiding genetic interactions between wild and farmed Atlantic salmon is regarded as one of the major requirements for a sustainable salmon aquaculture industry. For this reason, farming functional sterile triploids has been suggested as a possible solution. However, knowledge about how triploids cope under commercial conditions is lacking. In the present study, we compared the performance of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon among four Norwegian aquaculture companies. Diploid and triploid groups of the same genetic line were farmed in western, mid, and northern Norway under commercial conditions from seawater transfer until slaughter.Overall, triploid salmon exhibited reduced survival, higher incidence of emaciated fish, and scored, on average, a lower quality rating during primary processing. The results highlight the need for further research on how to improve the welfare and performance of triploid salmon in commercial aquaculture operations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Welfare Scoring Of Sampled Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) performance and welfare under commercial farming conditions in Norway

Madaro

Kjøglum

Hansen

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Aquaculture

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“…The literature contains mixed results regarding growth, but generally speaking, triploids grow more slowly than or equal to diploids depending on the species and environment prior to maturation, while in the post‐maturation phase, they grow 10%–30% faster than their diploid counterparts on account of their partial or complete sterility, 99,114 which can potentially compensate for their early growth depression. In salmonids, triploidy also can result in reduced disease resistance 112,115,116 and increased frequencies of deformities, for example, in the gill, eye, bone and spine relative to diploids 101,117–119 . Moreover, triploids are more sensitive to environmental fluctuations such as temperature and hypoxia 120,121 .…”

Section: Methods For Inducing Sterility With Application Potential In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In salmonids, triploidy also can result in reduced disease resistance 112,115,116 and increased frequencies of deformities, for example, in the gill, eye, bone and spine relative to diploids. 101,[117][118][119] Moreover, triploids are more sensitive to environmental fluctuations such as temperature and hypoxia. 120,121 This intolerance of environmental extremes is unfavourable to many fish farming operations, particularly…”

Section: Triploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive sterility in aquaculture: A review of induction methods and an emerging approach with application to Pacific Northwest finfish species

Zhao

Ryu

et al. 2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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“…For many species, polyploidy increases body size, but fish compensate by reducing the number of cells and the individual body size appears normal and similar to that of diploid fish. However, triploid salmon differ from natural diploids by requiring more dietary phosphorus during early development, they may have a different gill microbiota, and they have a higher prevalence of eye cataracts (Brown et al, 2021;Olsvik et al, 2020;Sambraus et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) may have increased risk of primary field outbreaks of infectious salmon anaemia

Aunsmo

Martinsen²,

Bruheim

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The impact that escaped farmed fish may have on wild populations is of major concern for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming. Triploid fish, being infertile, were originally introduced to mitigate the genetic impact of escaped fish. In the recent years, an increase in the number of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) outbreaks in Norway has been observed, mainly in the northern parts, which is also where farming of triploid fish has been licensed. The present study investigated the susceptibility of triploid Atlantic salmon to ISA both by field observations and experimental infections. Based on field observations, we found an increased susceptibility, with 9.4 increased odds to primary ISA outbreaks in triploid fish versus diploid fish at production‐site level, and a tendency of increased odds (3.4) of ISA in triploid fish at individual cage level at sited with primary outbreaks. At some sites, ISA outbreaks were only diagnosed in cages with triploid fish and not in cages with diploid fish. Primary ISA outbreaks are the source for further spread of the disease, and it is noteworthy that in an experimental trial we found significantly more viral RNA in non‐ISA‐vaccinated triploid than in non‐ISA‐vaccinated diploid fish at the peak of the infection. Interestingly, the notable differences of susceptibility to ISA for non‐ISA vaccinated diploid and triploid fish observed in field were not repeated experimentally. The possible increased risk of ISA should be considered when evaluating the costs and benefits of triploid salmon in farming. It is recommended to keep triploid and diploid fish in biosecure separated sites, or that triploid fish are not farmed at all.

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A transcriptomic analysis of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon lenses with and without cataracts

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

A comparison of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) performance and welfare under commercial farming conditions in Norway

A comparison of triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) performance and welfare under commercial farming conditions in Norway

Reproductive sterility in aquaculture: A review of induction methods and an emerging approach with application to Pacific Northwest finfish species

Triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) may have increased risk of primary field outbreaks of infectious salmon anaemia

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