A trait-based approach to crop–weed interactions

Pakeman, Robin J.; Karley, Alison J.; Newton, A. C.; Morcillo, Luna; Brooker, Rob W.; Schöb, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2015.06.010

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The biodiversity in NT has both positive and negative effects on nutrient acquisition, the latter because of the competition for resources. Weed control in NT is often one of the difficulties (Soane et al 2012;Melander et al 2013;Nichols et al 2015;Pakeman et al 2015) and might limit crop yield because of direct competition for light, water and nutrients (Afifi and Swanton 2011;Silva et al 2011). Although, weed abundance was not quantified in our study in 2014, weed colonization was visually more important in NT.…”

Section: Corn Roots Affected By Tillage Practicementioning

confidence: 98%

The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

Mollier

Ziadi

et al. 2016

Plant Soil

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Background and aims Relevant soil properties and nutrient distributions influencing crop root growth might be different under no-till (NT) and mouldboard plough (MP) management. The possible different root systems within different managements might have key impact on crop nutrient uptake and consequently crop production. Our objective was to assess the long-term combined effects of tillage and phosphorus (P) fertilization on corn (Zea mays L.) root distribution and morphology. Methods Corn root and soil samples were collected during the silking stage at five depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm) and three horizontal distances perpendicular to the corn row (5, 15 and 25 cm) under MP and NT with three P fertilizations (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha −1 ) for a long-term (22 years) experiment in eastern Canada. Root morphology and soil properties were determined. Results NT practice decreased corn root biomass by −26 % compared to MP, mainly by decreasing the primary and secondary roots. Additionally, corn roots in NT tend to be more expansive on the surface layer with higher root length and surface densities for the depth of 0-5 cm at two sampling distances of 15 and 25 cm. The 35 kg P ha −1 rate increased the root biomass by 26 and 41 % compared to the 0 and 17.5 kg P ha −1 rates. Conclusions No-tillage practice and low rates of P fertilization reduce corn roots. This is probably caused by the weed competition in NT and the continued downward P status with low P rates over 22 years. Abbreviations MP Mouldboard plough NTNo-till 0P, 0.5P and 1P P fertilization rates of 0, 17.5 and 35 kg P ha −1 every two years RMD Root mass density RSD Root surface density RLD Root length density Plant Soil

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Section: Corn Roots Affected By Tillage Practicementioning

confidence: 98%

The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

Mollier

Ziadi

et al. 2016

Plant Soil

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“…This could manifest itself in reduced weed diversity (competitive exclusion), reduced functional diversity (restriction of weeds to a smaller part of the available trait space) and/or a shift in weed traits to escape from competition (avoidance). The latter pattern was observed in a greenhouse experiment (Pakeman et al ., ) where overall plant diversity was held constant but the diversity of the barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) crop was increased from one genotype to five, and this led to the weeds shifting to a more conservative growth form. This impact on the weed community has two consequences: it could allow for reduced inputs of herbicides if the crop mixture has a negative impact on the growth of the weed community and it has the potential to lead to loss of in‐field biodiversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased crop diversity reduces the functional space available for weeds

et al. 2019

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Summary There is a drive to improve the sustainability of agricultural systems including the biodiversity component. Cultivar mixtures offer yield benefits from the same land area, but the mechanisms behind this overyielding have not been completely worked out. One potential mechanism is improved competition with weeds. We use an experimental approach of varying barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypic and phenotypic diversity to test the hypothesis that increases in diversity have an impact on weed growth strategies and community assembly, or if responses are driven by barley performance. There was no effect of increasing barley mixture diversity on weed traits, either in terms of species means or the community‐weighted mean. However, Functional Richness of the weed community decreased with increasing barley mixture diversity mainly as a result of reduced specific leaf area Functional Richness. This pattern was driven by a reduction in species richness of the weed community rather than by reduced variation within species. Whilst barley phenotype had different impacts on weed traits, there were no specific mixtures of phenotypes or genotypes that had consistent effects on community assembly or weed species responses. The competitive exclusion of weed species could have agronomic and environmental benefits, through better targeting or less frequent use of herbicides. Growing crop mixtures is one of many strategies available to improve agricultural sustainability and resilience, and one that has clear benefits.

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“…In contrast, Pakeman et al () observed that crop variety in a rotation system might favor the coexistence of weed species, preventing the establishment of a dominant weed species. These authors suggest that cropping systems may be considered to be a tool in weed management treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Arable weed species associated with soil tillage systems under Mediterranean conditions

et al. 2018

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Tillage soil erosion is seen as a great problem in the Mediterranean region and is worsened by the climatic conditions. Previous studies have shown a decrease in biodiversity in arable lands across Europe. Weeds are a major component of biodiversity within agro‐ecosystems, but few studies have aimed to associate weed species with soil tillage intensity. We performed an analysis to test the potential short‐term effects of different tillage systems on weed species under our study conditions. The emerged weed data were measured, comparing a conventional tillage system with conservational tillage systems (minimum tillage and no tillage) in 2 cropping systems (monoculture wheat and a rotation scheme of barley–legume–wheat–fallow). Compared with the tilled soil, higher weed density and weed species richness were observed in the conservation tillage plots. The weed density and weed species richness in the monoculture system were higher compared with those in the crop rotation system. We used classification and regression trees to analyze the relationship between the soil tillage systems and the weed community, taking into account the climatic conditions. The results indicate that different soil tillage systems produced tree models: Silene vulgaris (L.) was associated with the MT system and high and irregularly distributed rainfall; Hypecoum imberbe Sm. and Hypecoum procumbens (L.) were linked to MT plots with low and well‐distributed precipitation rates; and Cardaria draba (L.) was present all years independently of climatic conditions but was never found in the NT system, so its presence could be regarded as an indicator of tillage intensity.

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A trait-based approach to crop–weed interactions

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

The long-term effects of tillage practice and phosphorus fertilization on the distribution and morphology of corn root

Increased crop diversity reduces the functional space available for weeds

Arable weed species associated with soil tillage systems under Mediterranean conditions

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