A Trade-Off Between Sporangia Size and Number Exists in the Potato Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans, and Is Not Altered by Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Mariette, Nicolas; Kröner, Alexander; Mabon, Romain; Montarry, Josselin; Marquer, Bruno; Corbière, Roselyne; Androdias, Annabelle; Andrivon, Didier

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01841

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In most pathosystems, an increase in temperature is positively associated with aggressiveness [ 32 , 33 ]. As environmental conditions and host genotype usually strongly correlate with disease [ 34 ], the host genotype factor with three levels (reference line B37, susceptible line Sus1, and the hybrid Niklas ® ) was included in the experimental design. Interestingly, an interaction between isolate origin and host genotype was observed for the variable AUDPC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Planta Studies on Temperature Adaptation of Exserohilum turcicum Isolates from Maize in Europe and South America

et al. 2021

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Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) is a fungal leaf disease in maize caused by Exserohilum turcicum. NCLB occurs worldwide, from tropical to temperate zones raising the question about plasticity of temperature adaptation of local isolates of the pathogen. Seven isolates of E.turcicum originating from South America and seven from Europe were compared for their response to temperature variations in vitro and in vivo between 15 and 30 °C. In vitro, isolates originating from Europe and South America significantly differed in mycelial growth rate at 30 °C and in sporulation at 25 °C and 30 °C. Aggressiveness of E. turcicum isolates was evaluated on three susceptible maize cultivars (maize lines B37, Sus1 and the German hybrid Niklas) under different day/night temperature regimes (15/10 °C, 20/15 °C, 25/20 °C, or 30/25 °C) with a photoperiod of 14 h. Aggressiveness, recorded as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), of South American isolates was higher than for European isolates at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C, and for sporulation in vivo in all temperatures. In general, aggressiveness components were most influenced by temperature. Therefore, multivariate analysis was performed with aggressiveness component data at 30 °C, which expressed the highest number of variables with significant differences between isolate origins. According to their aggressiveness, European and South American isolates can be grouped separately, demonstrating that South American isolates are better adapted to higher temperatures and display a higher level of aggressiveness under similar conditions than European isolates from a cool climate. It is concluded that plasticity of temperature adaptation in E.turcicum populations is relatively large and allowed E. turcicum to follow the recent expansion of maize cultivation into cool climate zones in Europe. However, our data suggest that adaptation to higher temperature is likely to increase aggressiveness of NCLB on maize in cooler climate zones when experiencing further climate warming. This plasticity in adaptation to environmental conditions of E.turcicum may also hamper the success of breeding programs as it may decrease the durability of resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Planta Studies on Temperature Adaptation of Exserohilum turcicum Isolates from Maize in Europe and South America

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, given that soil pathogens are patchily distributed (G omez-Aparicio et al 2012), it is possible that we were not successful at including the relevant pathogens of native forest species in our experiment. It is also possible that spores and other dispersal units of fungal and oomycete pathogens may have not passed through the fine mesh we used to produce the microbial filtrates because of their larger size (Mariette et al 2018). If the absence of significant negative feedback among native species is not an artifact of our experimental design, the weakening of this stabilizing force to species coexistence may lead to the decay in diversity of an already species-depauperate tree community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative plant–soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes

Pizano

Kitajima

Graham

et al. 2019

Ecology

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There is now strong evidence suggesting that interactions between plants and their species-specific antagonistic microbes can maintain native plant community diversity. In contrast, the decay in diversity in plant communities invaded by nonnative plant species might be caused by weakening negative feedback strengths, perhaps because of the increased relative importance of plant mutualists such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Although the vast majority of studies examining plant-soil feedbacks have been conducted in a single habitat type, there are fewer studies that have tested how the strength and direction of these feedbacks change across habitats with differing dominating plants. In a fragmented montane agricultural system in Colombia, we experimentally teased apart the relative importance of AMF and non-AMF microbes (a microbial filtrate) to the strength and direction of feedbacks in both native and nonnative plant species. We hypothesized that native tree species of forest fragments would exhibit stronger negative feedbacks with a microbial filtrate that likely contained pathogens than with AMF alone, whereas nonnative plant species, especially a highly invasive dominant grass, would exhibit overall weaker negative feedbacks or even positive feedbacks regardless of the microbial type. We reciprocally inoculated each of 10 plant species separately with either the AMF community or the microbial filtrate originating from their own conspecifics, or with the AMF or microbial filtrate originating from each of the other nine heterospecific plant species. Overall, we found that the strength of negative feedback mediated by the filtrate was much stronger than feedbacks mediated by AMF. Surprisingly, we found that the two nonnative species, Urochloa brizantha and Coffea arabica, experienced stronger negative feedbacks with microbial filtrate than did the native forest tree species, suggesting that species-specific antagonistic microbes accumulate when a single host species dominates, as is the case in agricultural habitats. However, negative feedback between forest trees and agricultural species suggests that soil community dynamics may contribute to the re-establishment of native species into abandoned agricultural lands. Furthermore, our finding of no negative feedbacks among trees in forest fragments may be due to a loss in diversity of those microbes that drive diversity-maintaining processes in intact tropical forests.

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“…More recently, Mariette et al (2018) explored whether a negative relationship between progeny size and number occurred in the late blight oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, and whether the tradeoff was impacted by potato cultivar or host of origin of the pathogen (tomato and potato). They showed that this trade-off was not changed by these biotic factors, suggesting that the observed polyphenism for these traits in P. infestans populations will favour the coexistence of distinct reproductive strategies.…”

Section: Hos T Pl Ant Re S Is Tan Ce Recep Tivit Y and Multi -Infec Tion Pro Ce Ss E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐infections, competitive interactions, and pathogen coexistence

2021

Self Cite

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Multiple infections, either simultaneous or sequential, affecting a single plant or crop are now recognized to be common in plant disease epidemics. These multiple infections thus generate a range of competitive interactions (exploitation competition, apparent competition, or interference competition) that directly impact competitors' life history traits, and hence fitness. While a theoretical framework, based primarily on three ecological theories-niche exclusion, the "tragedy of the commons", and the virulence-transmission trade-off, provides insights into potential outcomes of multiple infections on pathogen evolution and virulence and on disease dynamics, experimental observations, although rather rare so far, strongly suggest that unexpected outputs can also occur. This review therefore attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of both theoretical and empirical knowledge about multiple infection in plants. It highlights the need for a detailed assessment of pathogen life history traits and their modulation according to competition types, host receptivity, and pathogen life strategies for a better understanding and prediction of the evolutionary and demographic outcomes of multiple infections, as well as research questions still open in this emerging field of plant pathology.

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A Trade-Off Between Sporangia Size and Number Exists in the Potato Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans, and Is Not Altered by Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

In Vitro and In Planta Studies on Temperature Adaptation of Exserohilum turcicum Isolates from Maize in Europe and South America

In Vitro and In Planta Studies on Temperature Adaptation of Exserohilum turcicum Isolates from Maize in Europe and South America

Negative plant–soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes

Multi‐infections, competitive interactions, and pathogen coexistence

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