A toxicokinetic study reflecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of deoxynivalenol in broiler chickens

Abstract

To identify the specific biomarkers of exposure of DON in chickens, a toxicokinetic study was performed via oral or intravenous application of deoxynivalenol (DON). Doses of 0.75 and 2.25 mg DON/kg of body weight (BW) were administrated intravenously or orally to the chickens. Next, blood samples were collected at several time points and plasma was obtained. Liquid chromatography-tandem massspectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify plasma levels of DON and its metabolite DON-3sulphate (DON-3S). A non-compartmental analysis was performed to study the main toxicokinetic parameters after intravenous or oral application of the toxin. Regarding oral administration, DON plasma level was below the limit of detection (LOD) of the method (1.5 ng/mL) and DON-3S could not be identified. After intravenous administration of DON at 0.75 and 2.25 mg DON/kg BW, the elimination half-life was 57.1 and 47.7 min, respectively, indicating the rapid elimination of DON. The metabolite DON-3S was found in plasma of broilers exposed to DON intravenously. The absence of DON in chicken plasma after oral bolus application suggests the low absorption of this mycotoxin. The presence of DON-3S in plasma indicates that this metabolite could be the appropriate biomarker of DON exposure in chickens.

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry

“…There are studies indicating a rapid plasma clearance of DON ( t 1/2 < 1 h) and DON‐3 S; in a recent study, however, no detectable plasma levels of DON and DON‐3 S could be detected in plasma from chickens exposed to DON orally at two different doses (0.75 and 2.25 mg/kg bw) (Riahi et al., 2021a ). In poultry, DON metabolites are excreted via the bile and urines and only little amounts of unmodified DON is found in the excreta.…”

Updated Review of the Toxicity of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Modified Forms

“…Some DON biotransformation routes are identical in various organisms; hence, they produce the same metabolites. Such metabolites include DON-3S, which is produced by both plants and poultry, and DON-3G, the plant metabolite of DON, which has recently been confirmed to be produced by aphids [49][50][51]. Fusarium fungi are capable of DON acetylation, resulting in the formation of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) or 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) [52].…”

“…Similar to DON, this compound undergoes glucuronidation to form deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide (DOM-15glucuronide) and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide (DOM3-glucuronide) [60]. Recent studies carried out on broiler chickens proved that they are able to metabolise DON to DON-3S [49]. It has also been reported that this compound is the main DON metabolite in the eggs of laying hens [50].…”

Nutritional Strategies to Improve Meat Quality and Composition in the Challenging Conditions of Broiler Production: A Review

“…Aflatoxins Highly absorbable (80 to 90%) [74] Induced mild negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract [75] Induced oxidative stress, damaged liver, damaged RNA and DNA, and suppressed immune system [76] Deoxynivalenol Low absorption rate [77] Increased intestinal permeability [ Mycotoxins with high absorption and accumulation rates can remain in edible tissues (meat and liver). Hort et al [93] showed that fumonisins were detected in the liver and fillet muscles.…”