A tough conductive hydrogel with triple physical cross-linking, pH-Responsive swelling behaviors, and excellent strain sensitivity

Wu, Xin; Yang, Qianyu; Zhang, Xuemei; Tsou, Chi‐Hui; Guzman, Manuel Reyes De; Li, Xinyue; Li, Yuan; Xia, Yuhan; Sheng, Yuping; Li, Qianlong; Gao, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125887

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This study shows a decrease in the swelling ratio as the pH increases from 3 to 9. This result is different from the study conducted by Xiongfei et al [32] and Sudarsan et al [37], which uses sodium alginate and acrylic acid as the main materials for making hydrogel. The use of sodium alginate will cause an increase in the swelling ratio along with increasing pH.…”

Section: Effect Of Ph On Swelling Ratiocontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Meanwhile, a polyvalent metal salt solution (ZnCl2) is used to form -(COO)ns, which is then used to produce a second cross-linking effect on the gel [31]. The polyvalent salts act as coordination centers in hydrogels that can enhance the mechanical characteristics of hydrogels [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main materials in the second stage are polyethylene N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylate (AMP), glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), methylene bis acrylamide (MAA), and ammonium persulfate (AP). These monomers are used in the radical copolymerization process that created the QDs hydrogel, which is also characterized by ionic coordination, micro crystallinity, and hydrophobic association [32]. AMP is the main material for hydrogel fabrication.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the hydrogel's hydrophilicity and water retention, MAA monomer was added. PEGMA monomers were added to enhance their mechanical performance through the synergistic strengthening impact of ionic coordination (IC) and hydrophobic association (HA) [32] and also act as coating material that can reduce nanoparticle aggregation [33]. AP monomer acts as an initiator agent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of pH on Swelling Ratio and Fluorescence of Quantum Dots (QDs) Based Hydrogel (CuInS2/ZnS QDs)

Permadi,

Hadi,

Sinaga

et al. 2023

CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia

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Section: Effect Of Ph On Swelling Ratiocontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of pH on Swelling Ratio and Fluorescence of Quantum Dots (QDs) Based Hydrogel (CuInS2/ZnS QDs)

Permadi,

Hadi,

Sinaga

et al. 2023

CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia

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“…The properties of physically cross-linked hydrogels depend on their molecular structure, their synthesis [ 2 ], and their cross-linking density. If the cross-linking density of a cross-linked hydrogel is very high, it becomes brittle and shows poor mechanical properties [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Study of the Formation of Pullulan Hydrogels and Their Use as Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Delivery Systems

Santamaría

Barros

González

et al. 2023

Gels

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Hydrogels have been extensively studied as delivery systems for lipophilic compounds. Pullulan hydrogels were prepared, and their gelation kinetics were studied over time. Pullulan exhibited a relatively slow gelling reaction in basic medium (KOH) using trisodium metaphosphate (STMP) as a cross-linking agent, so capsules cannot be obtained by dripping as easily as in the case of alginate and chitosan. The kinetics of pullulan gelation were studied through rheological analysis over time. An optimal [Pullulan]/[KOH] ratio was found for a fixed [Pullulan]/[STMP] ratio. For this given relationship, gelling time measurements indicated that when the concentration of pullulan increased, the gelation time decreased from 60 min for 6% w/w pullulan to 10 min for 10% w/w. After the gel point, a hardening of the hydrogel was observed over the next 5 h. The formed hydrogels presented high degrees of swelling (up to 1800%). Freeze-dried gels were capable of being rehydrated, obtaining gels with rheological characteristics and visual appearance similar to fresh gels, which makes them ideal to be freeze-dried for storage and rehydrated when needed. The behavior of the hydrogels obtained as active ingredient release systems was studied. In this case, the chosen molecule was carvacrol (the main component of oregano oil). As carvacrol is hydrophobic, it was incorporated into the droplets of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion, and the nanoemulsion was incorporated into the hydrogel. The release of the oil was studied at different pHs. It was observed that as the pH increased (from pH 2 to pH 7), the released amount of carvacrol for the gel with pullulan 10% w/w reached 100%; for the other cases, the cumulative release amount was lower. It was attributed to two opposite phenomena in the porous structure of the hydrogel, where more porosity implied a faster release of carvacrol but also a higher degree of swelling that promoted a higher entry of water flow in the opposite direction. This flow of water prevented the active principle from spreading to the release medium.

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Optically Mediated Hydrogel‐Based Ionic Diode

Ren,

Jing,

Ding

et al. 2024

Small

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Ionic diodes with environmentally modulated ion‐rectifying characteristics have attracted much attention and show great promise in the construction of smart devices with environmental adaptability. One immediate challenge is to integrate stimuli responsiveness and ion rectification into one single ionic diode, which requires a close cooperation of chemical principles and device technologies. Herein, an ionic diode based on a photoresponsive hydrogel with optically mediated ion‐rectifying performances is introduced. Relying on the photoresponsive concentration of proton in the hydrogel, the ionic current rectification can be prominently enhanced upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. A maximum ionic current rectification ratio of the optically mediated ionic diode about 4 × 105 is achieved. Furthermore, the hydrogel‐based diode can serve as an AND logic gate operated by UV light and voltage bias as two independent inputs. As a proof of concept, to use the optically mediated diode is achieved to modulate the feedback of a robot with logic behaviors. This work provides a novel and valuable strategy for designing functional hydrogel‐based devices with the integration of stimuli‐responsiveness and logic signal processing through chemical approaches.

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A tough conductive hydrogel with triple physical cross-linking, pH-Responsive swelling behaviors, and excellent strain sensitivity

Cited by 6 publications

References 77 publications

Effect of pH on Swelling Ratio and Fluorescence of Quantum Dots (QDs) Based Hydrogel (CuInS2/ZnS QDs)

Effect of pH on Swelling Ratio and Fluorescence of Quantum Dots (QDs) Based Hydrogel (CuInS2/ZnS QDs)

Rheological Study of the Formation of Pullulan Hydrogels and Their Use as Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Delivery Systems

Optically Mediated Hydrogel‐Based Ionic Diode

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