A tough and sustainable fiber-forming material from lignin and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Akato, Kokouvi; Nguyen, Ngoc A.; Rajan, Kalavathy; Harper, David P.; Naskar, Amit K.

doi:10.1039/c9ra07052d

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The annual availability of gigaton quantities of biomass (primarily lignocellulosic) make this an attractive waste stream for valorization. [80][81][82] Simple pyrolysis of biomass waste alone generally leads to low-value final products. The addition of PP to biomass waste, however, can enhance the properties of the final products.…”

Section: Polypropylene (Spi Code 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste

Thiounn

Smith

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

521

298

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The global production and consumption of plastics has increased at an alarming rate over the last few decades. The accumulation of pervasive and persistent waste plastic has concomitantly increased in landfills and the environment. The societal, ecological, and economic problems of plastic waste/pollution demand immediate and decisive action. In 2015, only 9% of plastic waste was successfully recycled in the United States. The major current recycling processes focus on the mechanical recycling of plastic waste; however, even this process is limited by the sorting/pretreatment of plastic waste and degradation of plastics during the process. An alternative to mechanical processes is chemical recycling of plastic waste. Efficient chemical recycling would allow for the production of feedstocks for various uses including fuels and chemical feedstocks to replace petrochemicals. This review focuses on the most recent advances for the chemical recycling of three major polymers found in plastic waste: PET, PE, and PP. Commercial processes for recycling hydrolysable polymers like polyesters or polyamides, polyolefins, or mixed waste streams are also discussed.

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Section: Polypropylene (Spi Code 5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste

Thiounn

Smith

2020

Journal of Polymer Science

521

298

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“…Thermal stability of GLs is important when considering GL utilization in the manufacturing of various thermoplastic or thermosetting materials with consistent processability. − Thus, thermal stability parameters, such as the decomposition starting temperature ( T dst ) and the maximum degradation temperature ( T dmax ) of pH-fractionated GLs, were determined as a function of the fractionation pH using TGA (Figure ). TGA-derived T dst and T dmax for all GL fractions were in the ranges of 219–301 and 331–373 °C, respectively, depending on the solvolysis process parameters and the fractionation pH.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation and Characterization of Glycol Lignins by Stepwise-pH Precipitation of Japanese Cedar/Poly(ethylene glycol) Solvolysis Liquor

Nge

Yamada

Tobimatsu

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Recently, we have demonstrated the initial process design of acid-catalyzed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solvolysis of softwood Japanese cedar (JC) in a large-scale batch reactor (50 kg wood meal per batch) to produce PEG-modified glycol lignins (GLs) as a potential feedstock for high-value-added applications. Typically, GLs were produced by acidification (pH 2) of the alkaline JC/PEG solvolysis liquor (pH 11) obtained after the solvolysis reaction using three kinds of JC wood meal sizes (average meal size, JC-L (1.6 mm) > JC-M (0.8 mm) > JC-S (0.4 mm)) and PEG solvent molecular masses (PEG200 < PEG400 < PEG600). In this study, stepwise-pH precipitation (pH 11−8−6.5−4.5−2) was conducted using a JC/PEG solvolysis liquor to further understand the characteristics of bulk GLs. Notably, the molecular weightdependent fractionation of four GL fractions was obtained with different fractional yields. Consequently, the contents of intermonomeric linkages and functional groups slightly varied according to the fractionation pH while exhibiting a similar chemical structure and thermal behavior to the corresponding bulk GLs. The overall thermal analysis data suggested that bulk GLs prepared from PEG400 solvolysis processes are suitable for the fabrication of melt-processed materials, such as fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), automobile parts, and speaker cones.

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“…This can be due to the lower extent of the hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of lignin and ester groups of PET due to the presence of an additional π–π interaction between lignin and PET aromatic groups. These interactions can also minimize lignin aliphatic hydroxyl groups, helping to prevent lignin phase coalescence during polyester (PET) matrix blending [ 97 ]. According to the possible strong fiber–fiber interface packaging, the introduction of PET helps to increase the efficiency of blends, improving mechanical properties [ 97 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These interactions can also minimize lignin aliphatic hydroxyl groups, helping to prevent lignin phase coalescence during polyester (PET) matrix blending [ 97 ]. According to the possible strong fiber–fiber interface packaging, the introduction of PET helps to increase the efficiency of blends, improving mechanical properties [ 97 ]. The Young’s modulus of neat as-spun OBBL/PET/13.5% fibers (64 MPa) was greater than that of OBBL/PET/24.5% fibers (23.3 MP).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Modification, and Characterization of Lignin-Based Electrospun Fibers Derived from Distinctive Biomass Sources

Attia¹,

Abas²,

Nada

et al. 2021

Polymers

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From the environmental point of view, there is high demand for the preparation of polymeric materials for various applications from renewable and/or waste sources. New lignin-based spun fibers were produced, characterized, and probed for use in methylene blue (MB) dye removal in this study. The lignin was extracted from palm fronds (PF) and banana bunch (BB) feedstock using catalytic organosolv treatment. Different polymer concentrations of either a plasticized blend of renewable polymers such as polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate blend (PLA-PHB-ATBC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a potential waste material were used as matrices to generate lignin-based fibers by the electrospinning technique. The samples with the best fiber morphologies were further modified after iodine handling to ameliorate and expedite the thermostabilization process. To investigate the adsorption of MB dye from aqueous solution, two approaches of fiber modification were utilized. First, electrospun fibers were carbonized at 500 °C with aim of generating lignin-based carbon fibers with a smooth appearance. The second method used an in situ oxidative chemical polymerization of m-toluidine monomer to modify electrospun fibers, which were then nominated by hybrid composites. SEM, TGA, FT-IR, BET, elemental analysis, and tensile measurements were employed to evaluate the composition, morphology, and characteristics of manufactured fibers. The hybrid composite formed from an OBBL/PET fiber mat has been shown to be a promising adsorbent material with a capacity of 9 mg/g for MB dye removal.

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A tough and sustainable fiber-forming material from lignin and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Abstract: This study reports a path for recycling polyester along with biorefinery coproduct, lignin, to make sustainable high-performance thermoplastic materials.

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste

Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste

Fractionation and Characterization of Glycol Lignins by Stepwise-pH Precipitation of Japanese Cedar/Poly(ethylene glycol) Solvolysis Liquor

Fabrication, Modification, and Characterization of Lignin-Based Electrospun Fibers Derived from Distinctive Biomass Sources

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