A tortoise-infecting picornavirus expands the host range of the family Picornaviridae

Ng, Terry Fei Fan; Wellehan, James F. X.; Coleman, James; Kondov, Nikola O.; Deng, Xutao; Waltzek, Thomas B.; Reuter, Gábor; Knowles, Nick J.; Delwart, Eric

doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2366-6

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Travancore tortoises, Indotestudo forstenii) in connection with an adenovirus outbreak and mass mortality event. 13 This virus proved to be phylogenetically distinct from topiviruses and was more closely related to members of the Gallivirus/Kobuvirus/Megrivirus/Oscivirus/Passerivirus/Sakobuvirus/Salivirus/ Sicinivirus supergroup.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…PVs infect humans, several orders of mammals and birds, and have been reported in lower vertebrates including reptiles and fish. 2,5,6,10,13,15 With some exceptions, PVs cause mild or subclinical infections and are strictly host specific, inducing disease only in a single or a few closely related host species. 9 Picornaviruses of tortoises have been detected in several instances by virus isolation in Terrapene carolina heart cells (TH-1; ATCC CCL-50) based on their typical lytic cytopathogenic effect.…”

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Development of a consensus reverse transcription PCR assay for the specific detection of tortoise picornaviruses

et al. 2016

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Picornaviruses (PVs) of different terrestrial tortoise species, previously designated as Virus "X," have been frequently detected from various tissues by virus isolation in Terrapene heart cell culture as the preferred laboratory method for diagnosis. Here, we describe the development of 2 diagnostic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-based assays for the identification and characterization of tortoise PVs belonging to the tentative genus Topivirus To test the novel diagnostic systems, PVs were isolated from swab and tissue samples collected in Germany, Italy, and Hungary between 2000 and 2013. All 25 tested isolates gave positive results with both novel consensus primer sets. Sequencing of the amplified products confirmed that all studied viruses were members of the new proposed genus Topivirus Phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished 2 lineages within the genus. Based on sequence analysis, no association was observed between the geographic distribution and genetic relatedness. Furthermore, no strict host specificity was indicated. The PCR-based diagnosis may provide a time-saving and sensitive method to detect tortoise PVs, and evaluation of PV presence in these animals may help control virus spread.

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Development of a consensus reverse transcription PCR assay for the specific detection of tortoise picornaviruses

et al. 2016

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“…Heuser et al (6) isolated the virus from different species but only T. graeca and one Geochelone elegans individual demonstrated clinical signs, whereas other species showed normal development but also showed seroconversion. Recently, the virus was also detected in other species (16), and the genome sequence was analysed in order to determine the phylogeny of the virus (2). In August 2017, ToPV was classified as Torchivirus by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the prevalence of tortoise picorna-virus in captive tortoises in Germany

Paries¹,

Funcke²,

Lierz³

2018

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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Summary Objective: Tortoise picornavirus (ToPV) has been speculated to play an important role in the frequently seen disease pattern of juvenile shell softening. This study aimed to determine ToPV prevalence among German tortoise collections. Material and methods: A total of 334 animals selected from 27 different collections were included. Seven species of four genera of the family Testudinidae (Testudo graeca, T. hermanni, T. marginata, T. horsfieldii, Centrochelys sulcata, Stigmochelys pardalis, Chelonoidis carbonarius) were sampled. The tortoises were clinically investigated and none of the adults showed any signs of shell softening. Seven hatchlings of a ToPV-positive T. graeca breeding pair showed retarded growth and a progressive shell weakness that resulted in death. Each animal was sampled by conjunctival, pharyngeal and cloacal swabs (990 swabs in total) and blood sampling (293 in total). All three swabs of one animal were pooled and tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for tortoise picornavirus RNA. Blood samples were investigated by virus neutralisation test (VNT) for specific anti ToPV antibodies. All titres equal to or higher than log2 = 2 were considered positive. Results: In total, 35 adult and 11 juvenile animals were tested positive for ToPV RNA. The serological investigation did detect specific antibodies against ToPV in 44 adult tortoises and one juvenile. In total, 76 animals were tested positive in either one of the investigations, 16 animals in both. The highest number of ToPV-positive animals was found for T. graeca, with a prevalence of 32 %. No specimens of C. carbonarius, C. sulcata, or S. pardalis were tested positive. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results propose a predisposition in T. graeca, as well as a high prevalence of ToPV in T. graeca, whereas other species showed only single or no positive animals, but may function as virus carriers.

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“…Picornaviruses include a wide range of pathogens (Knowles et al, 2012; http://www.picornaviridae.com) and have been found in various vertebrate host species including humans and marine mammals (Kapoor et al, 2008), birds (Boros et al, 2014;Pankovics et al, 2015) and recently in reptiles (Heuser et al, 2014;Ng et al, 2015), amphibians and fish (Fichtner et al, 2013;Barbknecht et al, 2014;Phelps et al, 2014). The members of the genus Kobuvirus infect human and several domestic or wild animals such as canine, feline, Infection, Genetics and Evolution 37 (2016)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel picornavirus in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica)

Pankovics

Boros

Bíró³

et al. 2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, non-enveloped viruses with positive sense, single-stranded RNA genomes. The numbers of the novel picornavirus species and genera are continuously increasing. Picornaviruses infect numerous vertebrate species from fish to mammals, but have not been identified in a member of the Lagomorpha order (pikas, hares and rabbits). In this study, a novel picornavirus was identified in 16 (28.6%) out of 56 faecal samples collected from clinically healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica) in two (one commercial and one family farms) of four rabbit farms in Hungary. The 8364 nucleotide (2486 amino acid) long complete genome sequence of strain Rabbit01/2013/HUN (KT325852) has typical picornavirus genome organization with type-V IRES at the 5'UTR, encodes a leader (L) and a single 2A(H-box/NC) proteins, contains a hepatitis-A-virus-like cis-acting replication element (CRE) in the 2A, but it does not contain the sequence forming a "barbell-like" secondary structure in the 3'UTR. Rabbit01/2013/HUN has 52.9%, 52% and 57.2% amino acid identity to corresponding proteins of species Aichivirus A (genus Kobuvirus): to murine Kobuvirus (JF755427) in P1, to canine Kobuvirus (JN387133) in P2 and to feline Kobuvirus (KF831027) in P3, respectively. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Rabbit01/2013/HUN represents a novel picornavirus species possibly in genus Kobuvirus. This is the first report of detection of picornavirus in rabbit. Further study is needed to clarify whether this novel picornavirus plays a part in any diseases in domestic or wild rabbits.

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A tortoise-infecting picornavirus expands the host range of the family Picornaviridae

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Development of a consensus reverse transcription PCR assay for the specific detection of tortoise picornaviruses

Development of a consensus reverse transcription PCR assay for the specific detection of tortoise picornaviruses

Investigations on the prevalence of tortoise picorna-virus in captive tortoises in Germany

Novel picornavirus in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica)

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