A Top‐Down Pathway to Secondary Eyewall Formation in Simulated Tropical Cyclones

Tyner, Bryce; Zhu, Ping; Zhang, Jun A.; Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman; Marks, Frank D.; Tallapragada, Vijay

doi:10.1002/2017jd027410

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Current theories for explaining SEF highlight the critical role of stratiform rainband precipitation that sufficiently projects onto the axisymmetric mean storm (e.g., Dai et al, ; Didlake et al, ; Tyner et al, ; Zhang et al ). Stratiform processes sustain midlevel latent heating, which then extends down into the boundary layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Storm Asymmetries in Hurricane Irma (2017) Using Polarimetric Radar Observations

Didlake

Kumjian

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Dual‐polarization radar observations of Hurricane Irma (2017) provide new insight into the microphysical structure of a mature tropical cyclone that can be tied to the cyclone dynamics. The primary eyewall exhibited a radar signature of hydrometeor size sorting, which implied that large drops fell out near persistent upward motion in the front‐right quadrant of the storm, while smaller drops were advected downstream. In the outer rainbands, convective initiation was also preferred in the front‐right quadrant, whereas stratiform precipitation was predominant downwind. For both the primary eyewall and outer rainbands, the preferred quadrant for convective initiation was consistent with the expected kinematic asymmetry of a tropical cyclone in weak environmental wind shear but with moderate translation speed. The developing secondary eyewall exhibited a different asymmetry that indicated a stratiform‐to‐convective transition associated with heavy precipitation in the rear quadrants. This transition is consistent with hypothesized dynamical theories for secondary eyewall formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Storm Asymmetries in Hurricane Irma (2017) Using Polarimetric Radar Observations

Didlake

Kumjian

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In the past few decades, aircraft reconnaissance data, satellite, and radar observations (Didlake & Houze, ; Houze et al, ; Willoughby et al, ), idealized numerical models (Kuo et al, , ; Terwey & Montgomery, ; Rozoff et al, ; Kepert, ; Wang et al, ), and fully physical atmospheric models (Judt & Chen, ; Sun et al, ; Tyner et al, ; Wu et al, ; Zhang & Perrie, ) have been widely used to study the second eyewall formation (SEF), but a firm consensus on its physical mechanisms has not yet been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past few decades, aircraft reconnaissance data, satellite, and radar observations (Didlake & Houze, 2013;Houze et al, 2006;Willoughby et al, 1982), idealized numerical models (Kuo et al, 2009(Kuo et al, , 2004Terwey & Montgomery, 2008;Rozoff et al, 2012;Kepert, 2013;Wang et al, 2018), and fully physical atmospheric models (Judt & Chen, 2010;Sun et al, 2013;Tyner et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2012;Zhang & Perrie, 2018) ©2019. The Authors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Air‐Sea Interaction on the Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008): Verification of Numerical Simulation

Lü

Cheng

Huang

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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To explore the effects of air‐sea interaction on the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) of tropical cyclones (TCs), an ERC of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) was reproduced using the high‐resolution coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐wave‐sediment transport (COAWST) model. The numerical simulations were evaluated with a wide range of observational datasets. Moreover, the importance of the ocean to ERC is discussed by comparing six sensitive experiments, that is, three uncoupled experiments with different time‐invariant sea surface temperatures, an ocean‐atmosphere coupled experiment, an ocean‐wave coupled experiment, and an ocean‐atmosphere‐wave fully coupled experiment. The results show that Sinlaku simulated by the fully coupled experiment was highly consistent with the observations, and the evolution of ERC varies from those only simulated by the atmospheric models in previous studies. When the ocean and waves were both considered, the lifetime of the ERC was significantly prolonged, even though the simulated Sinlaku was weakened by the cooling of the sea; the asymmetric distribution of the concentric eyewalls (CEs) which caused by the non‐uniform energy exchanges was also prominent. By contrast, without ocean coupling, the simulated secondary eyewall, composed of axisymmetric convections, exhibited false enhancement and fake inward contraction, and the duration of the ERC was also shorter than that actually observed. In conclusion, the results highlight the significance of ocean coupling for the numerical simulation of the ERC of a TC, including survival time and asymmetric structure.

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“…The secondary eyewall formation (SEF) and the following eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) in a tropical cyclone (TC) have been investigated extensively in the literature because of their significant impacts on TC structure, size, and intensity changes. Most previous studies have focused on the formation mechanisms of the secondary convective ring structure and the establishment of the secondary tangential wind maximum based on observations and high-resolution numerical simulations (Willoughby et al 1982;Terwey and Montgomery 2008;Wang 2009;Judt and Chen 2010;Qiu et al 2010;Qiu and Tan 2013;Abarca and Corbosiero 2011;Huang et al 2012;Bell et al 2012;Rozoff et al 2012;Sun et al 2013;Abarca andMontgomery 2013, 2014;Kepert 2013;Zhu and Zhu 2014;Wang et al 2016;Zhang et al 2017;Dai et al 2017;Tyner et al 2018;Didlake et al 2018;Wang et al 2019). Only a few studies have given attention to the thermodynamic conditions within the eye and the moat regions in TCs with concentric-eyewall structures, and the evolution of the warm-core structure during the ERC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Warm-Core Structure during the Eyewall Replacement Cycle in a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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This study examines the evolution of the warm-core structure during the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) and the subsequent eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone (TC) under idealized conditions. Results show that prior to the SEF, the TC exhibited a double warm-core structure centered in the middle and upper troposphere in the eye region, and as the storm intensified with a rapid outward expansion of tangential winds, the warm core strengthened and a secondary off-center warm ring developed between 8- and 16-km heights near the outer edge of the eye. During the SEF, both the upper-level warm core and the secondary off-center warm ring rapidly strengthened. As the secondary eyewall intensified and contracted and the primary eyewall weakened and dissipated, the off-center warm ring extended inward and merged with the inner warm core to form a warm core typical of a single-eyewall TC. Results from the azimuthal-mean potential temperature budget indicate that the warming in the eye is due to subsidence and the warming above 14-km height outside the eye is largely contributed by radial warm advection in the outflow. The development of the off-center warm ring is largely due to the subsidence warming near the inner edge of the primary eyewall and in the moat area and the warming by diabatic heating in the upper part of the inner eyewall below 14-km height. Further analysis indicates that the eddy advection also played some role in the warming above 12-km height in the upper troposphere.

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A Top‐Down Pathway to Secondary Eyewall Formation in Simulated Tropical Cyclones

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Examining Storm Asymmetries in Hurricane Irma (2017) Using Polarimetric Radar Observations

Examining Storm Asymmetries in Hurricane Irma (2017) Using Polarimetric Radar Observations

Effects of Air‐Sea Interaction on the Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008): Verification of Numerical Simulation

Evolution of the Warm-Core Structure during the Eyewall Replacement Cycle in a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone

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