A toolbox of differently sized and labeled PMMA nanoparticles for cellular uptake investigations

Comparison of the uptake of methacrylate-based nanoparticles in static and dynamic in vitro systems as well as in vivo

“…Nanoparticles were formed via nanoprecipitation to circumvent the use of surfactants and to obtain narrow size distribution. [28][29][30] Previous results gathered…”

“…The benefit of these polymers for preparation of defined nanoparticles via nanoprecipitation was already demonstrated earlier. [28,40,41] An advantage of nanoprecipitation is the absence of surfactants, as they can influence the properties of nanoparticles and their biological impact. [42,43] Furthermore, nanoparticles with different diameters with narrow size distributions can easily be obtained.…”

Particle size- and number-dependent delivery to cells by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles

“…The only subtle difference was that the cellular uptake of sLDH NPs was seen to be complete in the first 2 h, while L-LDH NPs showed a steady and continual uptake over up to 8 h. Thus, this work shows that the rate of cellular uptake in terms of the particle number was comparable for the 54 nm (sLDH) and 90 nm (L-LDH) NPs. It is reported that internalisation of NPs less than 200 nm involves the clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathway [17,18,66,67]; thus sLDH-FITC ($54 nm) and L-LDH-FITC ($90 nm) used in this work entered HCT-116 cells through the same pathway. That would be the reason why sLDH-FITC and L-LDH-FITC resulted in similar uptake regardless of the particle size difference.…”

Cellular Mechanisms in Nanomaterial Internalization, Intracellular Trafficking, and Toxicity

“…Particle size is an important determinant for internalization by macropinocytosis, as demonstrated by Vollrath and coworkers, who used using nanoparticles based on poly-(methyl methacrylate) in Hela cells. These authors found that CME is the predominant pathway for internalization of smaller nanoparticles (<200 nm), whereas macropinocytosis is the main pathway for internalization of larger particles (>300 nm) (Vollrath et al 2012). Nevertheless, small particles can also be internalized by macropinocytosis.…”