A toolbox for investigating liquid metal systems

Krishnamurthi, Vaishnavi; Parker, Caiden J.; Nguyen, Chung Kim; Vaillant, Pierre H.A.; Hocking, Rosalie K.; Haas, Benedikt; Christofferson, Andrew J.; Russo, Salvy P.; Chiang, Ken; Elbourne, Aaron; Daeneke, Torben

doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101820

Cell Reports Physical Science

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101820

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A toolbox for investigating liquid metal systems

Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi,

Caiden J. Parker,

Chung Kim Nguyen

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

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Structural Evolution of Liquid Metals and Alloys

Krishnamurthi,

Vaillant,

Mata

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Low‐melting liquid metals are emerging as a new group of highly functional solvents due to their capability to dissolve and alloy various metals in their elemental state to form solutions as well as colloidal systems. Furthermore, these liquid metals can facilitate and catalyze multiple unique chemical reactions. Despite the intriguing science behind liquid metals and alloys, very little is known about their fundamental structures in the nanometric regime. To bridge this gap, this work employs small angle neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations, revealing that the most commonly used liquid metal solvents, EGaIn and Galinstan, are surprisingly structured with the formation of clusters ranging from 157 Å to 15.7 Å. Conversely, non‐eutectic liquid metal alloys of GaSn or GaIn at low solute concentrations of 1, 2, and 5wt%, as well as pure Ga, do not exhibit these structures. Importantly, the eutectic alloys retain their structure even at elevated temperatures of 60 and 90 °C, highlighting that they are not just simple homogeneous fluids consisting of individual atoms. Understanding the complex soft structure of liquid alloys will assist in comprehending complex phenomena occurring within these fluids and contribute to deriving reaction mechanisms in the realm of synthesis and liquid metal‐based catalysis.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Structural Evolution of Liquid Metals and Alloys

Krishnamurthi,

Vaillant,

Mata

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Spontaneous Liquefaction of Solid Metal–Liquid Metal Interfaces in Colloidal Binary Alloys

Parker,

Zuraiqi,

Krishnamurthi

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Crystallization of alloys from a molten state is a fundamental process underpinning metallurgy. Here the direct imaging of an intermetallic precipitation reaction at equilibrium in a liquid‐metal environment is demonstrated. It is shown that the outer layers of a solidified intermetallic are surprisingly unstable to the depths of several nanometers, fluctuating between a crystalline and a liquid state. This effect, referred to herein as crystal interface liquefaction, is observed at remarkably low temperatures and results in highly unstable crystal interfaces at temperatures exceeding 200 K below the bulk melting point of the solid. In general, any liquefaction process would occur at or close to the formal melting point of a solid, thus differentiating the observed liquefaction phenomenon from other processes such as surface pre‐melting or conventional bulk melting. Crystal interface liquefaction is observed in a variety of binary alloy systems and as such, the findings may impact the understanding of crystallization and solidification processes in metallic systems and alloys more generally.

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A toolbox for investigating liquid metal systems

Cited by 2 publications

References 158 publications

Structural Evolution of Liquid Metals and Alloys

Structural Evolution of Liquid Metals and Alloys

Spontaneous Liquefaction of Solid Metal–Liquid Metal Interfaces in Colloidal Binary Alloys

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