A Toll-Spätzle Pathway in the Immune Response of Bombyx mori

Bin, Yu; Sang, Qi; Pan, Guoqing; Li, Chunfeng; Zhou, Zeyang

doi:10.3390/insects11090586

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(89 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The recognition of microbial pathogens further triggers various signal transduction pathways and consequently induces diverse defense molecules such as anti‐microbial proteins (AMPs) and antifungal peptides 38 . The Toll pathway is an effective innate immune signaling pathway activated by späetzle (SPZ) in resistance to pathogen attack 39 . Our results revealed that four SPZ encoding genes were significantly upregulated in Ma456‐infected BPH adults, in agreement with the results of studies using other insect‐pathogen models 40,41 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Comprehensive insights into host‐pathogen interaction between brown planthopper and a fungal entomopathogen by dual RNA sequencing

Wang

Pan

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the most destructive pests of rice, causing tremendous yield and economic losses every year. The fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae was previously proved to have great potential for BPH biocontrol. Genome‐wide insight into the insect‐fungus interaction is crucial for genetic improvement of M. anisopliae to enhance its virulence to BPH but still has been poorly explored. RESULTS Using dual RNA‐seq approach, we present here a global view of host and fungal gene expressions in BPH adults during the fungal infection. The results revealed that BPH could initiate strong defense responses against the fungal attack by upregulating the expressions of a large number of genes, including genes involved in cuticle formation, immune response, cell detoxification and biomacromolecule metabolism. Correspondingly, the fungal entomopathogen could induce a series of genes to infect and modulate BPH, including genes involved in fungal penetration, invasive growth, stress resistance and virulence. Three host defense‐related genes (NlPCE4, NlPOD1 and NlCYP4DE1) were chosen for further function analysis. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of NlPCE4 caused a significant decrease in BPH survival, but no obvious effects on the survival rates were detected by the suppression of NlPOD1 and NlCYP4DE1. Combination of dsRNA injection and fungal infection could significantly enhance the BPH‐killing speed, as synergistic mortalities were observed in co‐treatments of RNAi and M. anisopliae infection. CONCLUSION Our study provides a comprehensive insight into molecular mechanisms of host‐pathogen interaction between BPH and M. anisopliae and contributes to future development of new efficient biocontrol strategies for BPH biocontrol.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Comprehensive insights into host‐pathogen interaction between brown planthopper and a fungal entomopathogen by dual RNA sequencing

Wang

Pan

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Total RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis were conducted as described in a previous study [ 46 ]. To investigate the transcription of BmUGT genes in B. mori , RT-PCR was performed using ExTaq (Takara, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UDP-Glucosyltransferases Induced by Nosema bombycis Provide Resistance to Microsporidia in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Yang

Wei

et al. 2021

Insects

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a silkworm pathogen, the microsporidian N. bombycis can be transovarially transmitted from parent to offspring and seriously impedes sericulture industry development. Previous studies found that Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are involved in regulating diverse cellular processes, such as detoxification, pigmentation, and odorant sensing. Our results showed that BmUGT10295 and BmUGT8453 genes were specifically induced in infected silkworms, but other BmUGTs were not. Tissue distribution analysis of the two BmUGTs showed that the transcriptions of the two BmUGTs were mainly activated in the midgut and Malpighian tubule of infected silkworms. Furthermore, there were significantly fewer microsporidia in over-expressed BmUGTs compared with the control, but there were significantly more microsporidia in RNA interference BmUGTs compared with the control. These findings indicate that the two BmUGTs were induced by N. bombycis and provided resistance to the microsporidia.

show abstract

“…Previous studies have reported that Bm Toll11, Bm Toll9–1, and five BmSpz genes are upregulated after challenge with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Additionally, only Bm Spz2 can interact with Bm Toll 11 and Bm Toll9–1 and activate AMP-encoding gene expression [ 6 ]. Meanwhile, Bm Spz4 is reported to be involved in integument AMP production after challenge with Bacillus and yeast [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TmSpz-like Plays a Fundamental Role in Response to E. coli but Not S. aureus or C. albican Infection in Tenebrio molitor via Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptide Production

Jang

Patnaik

Kojour

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cystine knot protein Spätzle is a Toll receptor ligand that modulates the intracellular signaling cascade involved in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated regulation of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-encoding genes. Spätzle-mediated activation of the Toll pathway is critical for the innate immune responses of insects against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of Spätzle-like from T. molitor (TmSpz-like) identified from the RNA sequencing dataset was cloned and sequenced. The 885-bp TmSpz-like ORF encoded a polypeptide of 294 amino acid residues. TmSpz-like comprised a cystine knot domain with six conserved cysteine residues that formed three disulfide bonds. Additionally, TmSpz-like exhibited the highest amino acid sequence similarity with T. castaneum Spätzle (TcSpz). In the phylogenetic tree, TmSpz-like and TcSpz were located within a single cluster. The expression of TmSpz-like was upregulated in the Malpighian tubules and gut tissues of T. molitor. Additionally, the expression of TmSpz-like in the whole body and gut of the larvae was upregulated at 24 h post-E. coli infection. The results of RNA interference experiments revealed that TmSpz-like is critical for the viability of E. coli-infected T. molitor larvae. Eleven AMP-encoding genes were downregulated in the E. coli-infected TmSpz-like knockdown larvae, which suggested that TmSpz-like positively regulated these genes. Additionally, the NF-κB-encoding genes (TmDorX1, TmDorX2, and TmRelish) were downregulated in the E. coli-infected TmSpz-like knockdown larvae. Thus, TmSpz-like plays a critical role in the regulation of AMP production in T. molitor in response to E. coli infection.

show abstract

A Toll-Spätzle Pathway in the Immune Response of Bombyx mori

Cited by 29 publications

References 62 publications

Comprehensive insights into host‐pathogen interaction between brown planthopper and a fungal entomopathogen by dual RNA sequencing

Comprehensive insights into host‐pathogen interaction between brown planthopper and a fungal entomopathogen by dual RNA sequencing

UDP-Glucosyltransferases Induced by Nosema bombycis Provide Resistance to Microsporidia in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

TmSpz-like Plays a Fundamental Role in Response to E. coli but Not S. aureus or C. albican Infection in Tenebrio molitor via Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptide Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About