Following the trend to combine techniques to cover several facets of the development of modern systems, an integration of Z and CSP, called
Circus
, has been proposed as a refinement language; its relational model, based on the unifying theories of programming (UTP), justifies refinement in the context of both Z and CSP. In this paper, we introduce
Circus Time
, a timed extension of
Circus
, and present a new UTP time theory, which we use to give semantics to
Circus Time
and to validate some of its laws. In addition, we provide a framework for validation of timed programs based on FDR, the CSP model-checker. In this technique, a syntactic transformation strategy is used to split a timed program into two parallel components: an untimed program that uses timer events, and a collection of timers. We show that, with the timer events, it is possible to reason about time properties in the untimed language, and so, using FDR. Soundness is established using a Galois connection between the untimed UTP theory of
Circus
(and CSP) and our time theory.