“…In fact, each wave can be incident on the path toward the notch, and its reflection can be detected. As mentioned in Section 4, the RC can be obtained in the frequency domain [51,56,57,128,153,154,155,156,157] or in the time domain [24,51,57,128,153,154,156,157] by dividing the signal amplitude, which is reflected from the notch, by the reference amplitude signal, which is reflected from the pipe end before introducing the notch. Moreover, the RC can be measured in the time or frequency domain by taking the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude [26].…”