A Time-Line Approach for the Generation of Simulated Settlements

Williams, Benjamin J.; Headleand, Christopher J.

doi:10.1109/cw.2017.32

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Mizdal and Pozzer [MP18] generate roads on arbitrary terrain with hills, where the roads are generated between nodes using the A* algorithm. Williams and Headleand [WH17] change angle parameters during the simulation time to simulate settlements. Examples of streets generated by using their approach with different angle offsets are shown in Figure 19.…”

Section: Existing Procedural Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Procedural Modelling Methods for Layout Generation of Virtual Scenes

Cogo,

Krupalija,

Prazina

et al. 2023

Computer Graphics Forum

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As virtual worlds continue to rise in popularity, so do the expectations of users for the content of virtual scenes. Virtual worlds must be large in scope and offer enough freedom of movement to keep the audience occupied at all times. For content creators, it is difficult to keep up by manually producing the surrounding content. Therefore, the application of procedural modelling techniques is required. Virtual worlds often mimic the real world, which is composed of organized and connected outdoor and indoor layouts. It is expected that all content is present on the virtual scene and that a user can navigate streets, enter buildings, and interact with furniture within a single virtual world. While there are many procedural methods for generating different layout types, they mostly focus only on one layout type, whereas complete scene generation is greatly underrepresented. This paper aims to identify the coverage of layout types by different methods because similar issues exist for the generation of content of different layout types. When creating a new method for layout generation, it is important to know if the results of existing methods can be appended to other methods. This paper presents a survey of existing procedural modelling methods, which were organized into five categories based on the core approach: pure subdivision, grammar‐based, data‐driven, optimization, and simulation. Information about the covered layout types, the possibility of user interaction during the generation process, and the input and output shape types of the generated content is provided for each surveyed method. The input and output shape types of the generated content can be useful to identify which methods can continue the generation by using the output of other methods as their input. It was concluded that all surveyed methods work for only a few different layout types simultaneously. Moreover, only 35% of the surveyed methods offer interaction with the user after completing the initial process of space generation. Most existing approaches do not perform transformations of shape types. A significant number of methods use the irregular shape type as input and generate the same shape type as the output, which is sufficient for coverage of all layout types when generating a complete virtual world.

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Section: Existing Procedural Modelling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure19: Graph-growth methods branch streets starting from a point on one of the existing streets under a branch angle[WH17]. Depending on the branch angle, the overall shape of the streets changes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Procedural Modelling Methods for Layout Generation of Virtual Scenes

Cogo,

Krupalija,

Prazina

et al. 2023

Computer Graphics Forum

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“…When the existing works for procedural city generators are studied, agent-based approaches [9]- [11] and L-systems [12], [13] are frequently used, although there are a high number of custom-made algorithms as well [14]- [19]. Most of the city generators aim to create the final state of the city, however some studies focus on the development of city through time [20], [21], how it is affected by human behaviour [11] or how practical the generated layout is [22]. Since the proposed method relies on CA, we would like to focus on other approaches that make use of them.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Cellular Automata as a Basis for Procedural Generation of Organic Cities

Temuçin¹,

Kocabaş²,

Kaya³

2020

EJERS

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Procedural content generation (PCG) methods are commonly employed in computer games, simulations, and other related industries. While these methods are used for levels, terrains, stories and missions, their usage for procedural city generation is relatively rare because cities are heterogeneous structures with different components such as roads, layouts and buildings that depend on and affect each other. Additionally, ancient cities grew organically to areas that are safe and to those that provide food and water. This resulted in cities that do not have apparent regular patterns, such as rectangular building blocks. We propose an approach that uses cellular automata (CA) that generates clusters of areas. The CA is repeated for each cluster to hierarchically create different levels of the city. This procedure creates an organic city layout with fractal properties. The layout specifies the building blocks, main roads, and foliage. We also present a set of methods that can transform this layout into a three-dimensional model of the city. The results are promising; cities can be created in under a minute with minimal required input, and the resulting virtual city looks organic, rather than an algorithmic layout that has repeating patterns.

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“…Interest in procedural content generation for games was born from early computer systems of the time and their inherent technical limitations [7]. Today, such approaches can be applied to synthesize a broad spectrum of virtual content, ranging from terrain height-maps [8][9][10][11], buildings and their furnishings [12,13], to the placement of assets for an entire level for a video game [14], such as settlements [15] or, as in our case, plant ecosystems [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Forestry Generation: Evaluating Models for Tree Placement in Games

2020

Self Cite

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A handful of approaches have been previously proposed to generate procedurally virtual forestry for virtual worlds and computer games, including plant growth models and point distribution methods. However, there has been no evaluation to date which assesses how effective these algorithms are at modelling real-world phenomena. In this paper, we tackle this issue by evaluating three algorithms used in the generation of virtual forests—a randomly uniform point distribution method (control), a plant competition model, and an iterative random point distribution technique. Our results show that a plant competition model generated more believable content when viewed from an aerial perspective. Interestingly, however, we also found that a randomly uniform point distribution method produced forestry which was rated higher in playability and photorealism, when viewed from a first-person perspective. We conclude that the objective of the game designer is important to consider when selecting an algorithm to generate forestry, as the algorithms produce forestry that is perceived differently.

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A Time-Line Approach for the Generation of Simulated Settlements

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

A Survey of Procedural Modelling Methods for Layout Generation of Virtual Scenes

A Survey of Procedural Modelling Methods for Layout Generation of Virtual Scenes

Using Cellular Automata as a Basis for Procedural Generation of Organic Cities

Virtual Forestry Generation: Evaluating Models for Tree Placement in Games

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