A thunderstorm cell-lightning activity analysis: The new concept of air mass catchment

Mona, Tamás; Horváth, Ákos; Ács, Ferenc

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.10.017

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Large ranges were observed in each characteristic as expected from the evolving nature of some storm clusters, while others remained isolated. Therefore, the larger CAPE associated with some anomalously electrified storms did not translate to higher flash rates unlike Mona et al (2016) or larger storms indicative of stronger updrafts (e.g., Fuchs et al, 2015;Lang & Rutledge, 2011).…”

Section: Analysis Of Storm Cell Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Thunderstorm Charge Structures in West Texas on 4 June 2012

2018

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This study documents an environment for which small changes therein significantly impacted electrification and for which current theories of electrification lacked the ability to discriminate storm polarity. Thirty single‐cell and multicell storms from 1900 to 2200 UTC on 4 June 2012 over a 150‐ by 100‐km West Texas region were examined. Some of these storms had anomalous charge structures (primarily positive charge in the midlevels at −10 °C to −30 °C or 6.3 to 8.8 km above MSL locally) and some normal (primarily negative at midlevels), even though they existed concurrently and did not statistically differ in overall flash sizes, flash rates, radar volume, or echo top height. Overall, the normal storms ingested lower equivalent potential temperature surface air and were estimated to experience lower convective available potential energy than the anomalous storms, as observed in other studies. They were, however, estimated to have smaller warm cloud depth and surface dew point temperatures, contrary to expectations. Significant overlap between the storm environments suggested that lower instability may have contributed to some storms becoming normally electrified, but it was not a sufficient condition. Additionally, there had been previous convection in the region dominated by normal‐polarity storms. A Weather Research and Forecasting ensemble suggested that the previous convection moistened the midlevels of the atmosphere near cloud base. We propose that future studies investigate dry‐air entrainment as an additional, intertwined environmental factor that could decrease droplet sizes and effective warm rain processes, promoting positive graupel charging in the midlevels and anomalous charge structures.

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Section: Analysis Of Storm Cell Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Thunderstorm Charge Structures in West Texas on 4 June 2012

2018

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“…They also serve as proxies for climatologies of the occurrence of thunderstorms (e.g. Gladich et al, 2011;Poelman, 2014;Mona et al, 2016) and thunderstorm intensity. The climatologies will be compiled for a region in the south-eastern Alps.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal modelling of lightning climatologies for complex terrain

Simon

Umlauf

Zeileis

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This study develops methods for estimating lightning climatologies on the day −1 km −2 scale for regions with complex terrain and applies them to summertime observations (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) of the lightning location system ALDIS in the Austrian state of Carinthia in the Eastern Alps.Generalized additive models (GAMs) are used to model both the probability of occurrence and the intensity of lightning. Additive effects are set up for altitude, day of the year (season) and geographical location (longitude/latitude). The performance of the models is verified by 6-fold crossvalidation.The altitude effect of the occurrence model suggests higher probabilities of lightning for locations on higher elevations. The seasonal effect peaks in mid-July. The spatial effect models several local features, but there is a pronounced minimum in the north-west and a clear maximum in the eastern part of Carinthia. The estimated effects of the intensity model reveal similar features, though they are not equal. The main difference is that the spatial effect varies more strongly than the analogous effect of the occurrence model.A major asset of the introduced method is that the resulting climatological information varies smoothly over space, time and altitude. Thus, the climatology is capable of serving as a useful tool in quantitative applications, i.e. risk assessment and weather prediction.

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“…Every year Italy is meanly stroked by about 600,000 lightning strokes (excluding seas), with an average ground lightning density of about 2 strokes per km 2 each year, even if the actual density of lightning depends largely on the geographical conformation [1][2][3]. Different ways of upward warm air masses with a sufficiently high humidity gives rise to dense masses of clouds (cumulus) having a height ranging from 5 to 12 km and a diameter ranging from 5 to 10 km [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Protection Systems Suitable for Stables: A Case Study

et al. 2019

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The evolution of climate and of electrical devices are raising users’ awareness about the protection of structures and plants against common overvoltage phenomena and those ones of atmospheric origin. Therefore, a continuous evolution of thunderstorm phenomena, increasingly concentrated and intense, is occurring. Conversely, electric devices are increasingly being equipped with electronics indispensable for their right functioning and are very sensitive to electromagnetic phenomena of an induced and conducted nature. In Italy, the law concerning work health and safety compels employers to assess the risk raised by lightning and to ensure that buildings, systems, structures, and equipment are protected from the effects of lightning in agreement with national and international technical standards. In the agricultural livestock sector, the new guidelines of agricultural policy in Italy requires farms to re-examine their structures, in particular the compatibility with animal protection requirements. In the event of a fault, the electric circuit must be interrupted in times not higher than expected and, in particular in the agricultural and zootechnical structures, it is necessary to maintain the contact voltages to negligible values by carrying out additional equipotential connections among the masses and with foreign masses that can be touched. Furthermore, particular attention is required in limiting the step voltage to which animals are particularly sensitive to, by connecting the electro-welded metal grids, which are commonly located under the concrete floor of animal shelters, to the earth collector. Taking in mind the aforesaid, the aim of this work was to analyze the technical standard concerning the protection from lightning with reference to the agricultural livestock sector and the study of the salient components to set up a suitable lightning protection system for a medium-sized stable.

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A thunderstorm cell-lightning activity analysis: The new concept of air mass catchment

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Variations of Thunderstorm Charge Structures in West Texas on 4 June 2012

Variations of Thunderstorm Charge Structures in West Texas on 4 June 2012

Spatio-temporal modelling of lightning climatologies for complex terrain

Lightning Protection Systems Suitable for Stables: A Case Study

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