A Three-Year Course of House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy Appears Effective in Controlling the Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

Background Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disorder. Although the management of the disease is successful in many patients, based on guidelines, some of them remain with symptoms uncontrolled with pharmacotherapy. Presently, there is no substantiated information on the control of allergic rhinitis in patients who underwent sublingual immunotherapy. Objective The purpose of this prospective follow-up study was to assess the control of allergic rhinitis in adults after a three-year course of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy. Methods This prospective real-life study was designed to include adults with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis sensitized to house dust mite who underwent a three-year course of sublingual immunotherapy. Control of symptoms was assessed by Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT) after three years of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy. Additionally, patients assessed their symptoms by utilizing a visual analog scale. Results A total number of 86 consecutively enrolled patients (46 (53.49%) men; mean age 26.10 years (SD = 5.85)) with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis and clinically relevant sensitization to house dust mite were evaluated. When assessed by RCAT on the third year, 74 (86.05%) had well-controlled symptoms and 20 (27.03%) of them were completely controlled. A significant reduction in visual analog scale scores-from 7.52 cm at baseline to 2.31 cm-was established ( P < 0.0001). There was a strong negative correlation between RCAT scores and visual analog scale (r = -0.65; P < 0.01). Conclusion This study provided evidence that a three-year course of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy appears effective in controlling the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

IR (index of reactivity)-house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy liquid formulation for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies

“…Thirteen studies were conducted in Europe, 5 in Asia (3 in South Korea, 1 in Singapore, 1 in Taiwan), 1 in Australia, and 1 in South Africa. The study completion rate ranged from 26% 37 to 100%; 26 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 44 and was higher in RCT (88% on average) than NRS (77.2% on average).…”

“…Data on the SS were available in all 20 studies including a total of 858 patients. 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 Data on MS were available in 6 NRS (252 patients) and 7 RCT (160 patients) ( Fig 1 ).

Fig 1 Study selection.

…”

“…The mean of the mean age of patients from the individual studies was 21 ± 13.9 years and was greater in RCT (mean age 27.3 ± 18.7 years) than NRS (16.5 ± 7.1 years). Nine studies included patients sensitized only to HDM (monosensitized), 26 , 27 , 30 , 35 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 4 studies included both HDM-monosensitized patients and patients sensitized to allergens other than HDM (polysensitized), 28 , 39 , 42 , 45 and 7 studies did not report whether the patients were mono- or polysensitized. 29 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 All the studies included patients with ARC (in the Tosca et al 31 study, the proportion of patients with ARC was 84.6%).…”

“…The treatment duration varied from 6 months 40 , 41 to 36 months. 31 , 34 , 35 , 44 The cumulative annualized AIT dose ranged from 11,316 IR 38 to 140,400 IR ( Table I ). 44 …”

Allergic rhinitis control: contemporary approaches to evaluation

“…Novakova и соавт. (2018) использовали его при оценке ýффективности подъязычной иммунотерапии в течение трех лет у пациентов с интермиттирующим АР [46].…”