“…Nonetheless, both batch and column experiments suggest that recycled steel byproducts can be used as effective adsorption materials for phosphate removal in subsurface drainage. Other studies also demonstrated high phosphate adsorption capacities of iron-based materials using continuous flow column reactors (Erickson et al, 2012;Allred and Racharaks, 2014;Lyngsie et al, 2014).…”
Section: Effect Of Wet and Dry Cycles On Nutrient Removalmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…The phosphorus adsorbents typically provide metal cations (iron, aluminum, or calcium) to bind with dissolved phosphorus to form insoluble compounds (Weng et al, 2012;Lyngsie et al, 2014). Steel chips, wools and turnings are common byproducts produced during metal processing, and they are typically recycled for steel production.…”
“…Nonetheless, both batch and column experiments suggest that recycled steel byproducts can be used as effective adsorption materials for phosphate removal in subsurface drainage. Other studies also demonstrated high phosphate adsorption capacities of iron-based materials using continuous flow column reactors (Erickson et al, 2012;Allred and Racharaks, 2014;Lyngsie et al, 2014).…”
Section: Effect Of Wet and Dry Cycles On Nutrient Removalmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…The phosphorus adsorbents typically provide metal cations (iron, aluminum, or calcium) to bind with dissolved phosphorus to form insoluble compounds (Weng et al, 2012;Lyngsie et al, 2014). Steel chips, wools and turnings are common byproducts produced during metal processing, and they are typically recycled for steel production.…”
“…Although the sorption capacity of raw peat is low, we presume that it can be significantly increased by modifying peat with iron compounds. Naturally occurring iron-rich materials and waste products, such as low-grade iron ore [8], steel slags [9], red mud [10], ferric sludge [2], ferric water treatment residuals [11], iron oxides [12], iron-rich humus soils [13], iron oxide tailings [1], ironrich calcareous soils [14], and goethite [15], are known for high affinities for phosphate sorption, and most of them have been tested as adsorbents in laboratoryscale experiments to remove phosphorus compounds.…”
Removal of potentially harmful phosphorus compounds from wastewater by adsorption onto biosorbents is a cost-effective alternative to the conventional treatment methods. Raw peat and peat modified with iron(III) hydroxy ions were used in this study to remove phosphate ions from synthetic solution and household wastewater. Interaction of iron(III) ions with carboxylic groups of peat occurred during peat modification, which was confirmed by the FTIR technique. The effect of the initial phosphate concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, and ionic strength was studied in batch experiments. It was found that the sorption capacity increased with the increasing temperature, i.e. the maximum sorption capacity of the modified peat was 9.64 mg P/g at 2˚C and 11.53 mg P/g at 40˚C, respectively, indicating the endothermic nature of the sorption. Besides, the Langmuir equation was used to describe the sorption isotherms quantitatively. Given that the spent biosorbent did not exhibit phytotoxicity and the concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the limit values, the phosphate-saturated modified peat may be utilized as an organic fertilizer in agricultural land application.
“…The studies generally considered a number of FMs tested for a variety of particle size intervals, P concentrations and HRTs. These have shown that Fe and Al-based filters are usually superior to those based on Mg and Ca [139][140][141]. Lyngsie et al [139], for example, demonstrated that the Fe-oxide based filter CFH presented higher P sorption capacity, reactivity and stability than the Ca-based filters limestone, calcined diatomaceous earth and shell-sand.…”
Agriculture is often responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters due to the loss of phosphorus—a normally limiting nutrient in freshwater ecosystems. Tile-drained agricultural catchments tend to increase this problem by accelerating the transport of phosphorus through subsurface drains both in dissolved (reactive and organic phosphorus) and particulate (particle-bound phosphorus) forms. The reduction of excess phosphorus loads from agricultural catchments prior to reaching downstream surface waters is therefore necessary. Edge-of-field technologies have been investigated, developed and implemented in areas with excess phosphorus losses to receive and treat the drainage discharge, when measures at the farm-scale are not able to sufficiently reduce the loads. The implementation of these technologies shall base on the phosphorus dynamics of specific catchments (e.g., phosphorus load and dominant phosphorus form) in order to ensure that local retention goals are met. Widely accepted technologies include constructed wetlands, restored wetlands, vegetated buffer strips and filter materials. These have demonstrated a large variability in the retention of phosphorus, and results from the literature can help targeting specific catchment conditions with suitable technologies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the currently used edge-of-field technologies for phosphorus retention in tile-drained catchments, with great focus on performance, application and limitations.
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