A three-perspective view of greenhouse gas emission responsibilities in New Zealand

Andrew, Robbie M.; Forgie, Vicky

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.02.016

Cited by 110 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, to the extent that constraints on emissions in developing countries are the major impediment to effective international climate policy, allocating responsibility for some portion of these emissions to final consumers elsewhere may represent an opportunity for compromise. Because economic welfare in a region benefits from the production of goods within its territory, there are quantitative approaches aimed at sharing responsibility for emissions among producers and consumers (14,17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption-based accounting of CO ₂ emissions

Davis

Caldeira

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,472

823

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CO 2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are the primary cause of global warming. Much attention has been focused on the CO 2 directly emitted by each country, but relatively little attention has been paid to the amount of emissions associated with the consumption of goods and services in each country. Consumption-based accounting of CO 2 emissions differs from traditional, production-based inventories because of imports and exports of goods and services that, either directly or indirectly, involve CO 2 emissions. Here, using the latest available data, we present a global consumption-based CO 2 emissions inventory and calculations of associated consumption-based energy and carbon intensities. We find that, in 2004, 23% of global CO 2 emissions, or 6.2 gigatonnes CO 2 , were traded internationally, primarily as exports from China and other emerging markets to consumers in developed countries. In some wealthy countries, including Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, the United Kingdom, and France, >30% of consumption-based emissions were imported, with net imports to many Europeans of >4 tons CO 2 per person in 2004. Net import of emissions to the United States in the same year was somewhat less: 10.8% of total consumption-based emissions and 2.4 tons CO 2 per person. In contrast, 22.5% of the emissions produced in China in 2004 were exported, on net, to consumers elsewhere. Consumption-based accounting of CO 2 emissions demonstrates the potential for international carbon leakage. Sharing responsibility for emissions among producers and consumers could facilitate international agreement on global climate policy that is now hindered by concerns over the regional and historical inequity of emissions.carbon intensity of economy | carbon intensity of energy | emissions embodied in trade | fossil fuels | Kaya identity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption-based accounting of CO ₂ emissions

Davis

Caldeira

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,472

823

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show abstract

“…For example, a coal mine could be considered to be partially responsible for the emissions caused by the use of the coal. Methods have been developed to share responsibility upstream and downstream along the supply chain while avoiding double counting [34,35] and applied in different applications [33,36].…”

Section: Companiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon footprints and embodied carbon at multiple scales

Peters

2010

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

291

119

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“…By contrast, the consumption principle suggests that the agent must bear its ER according to the upstream environmental effect that is caused by its consumption (Munksgaard and Pedersen, 2001). The consumption principle has been widely used in studies that have audited carbon emissions that are embodied in inter-regional trade (e.g., Wyckoff and Roop, 1994;Shui and Harriss, 2006;Andrew and Forgie, 2008;Tunç et al, 2007;Li and Hewitt, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Provincial responsibility for carbon emissions in China under different principles

Zhang

2015

Energy Policy

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A three-perspective view of greenhouse gas emission responsibilities in New Zealand

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Consumption-based accounting of CO ₂ emissions

Consumption-based accounting of CO ₂ emissions

Carbon footprints and embodied carbon at multiple scales

Provincial responsibility for carbon emissions in China under different principles

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