A three-dimensional wave propagation model for macrocellular mobile communication networks in comparison with measurements

Liebenow, U.; Kuhlmann, P.

doi:10.1109/vetec.1996.504032

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For the case when the terrain surface elements that have LOS with both TX and RX, and assuming isotropic antennas Antenna Gain = 1 , the power received as a result of scattering from a collection of terrain elements is [3], [4], [10] (1)…”

Section: B Terrain Scattering Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous papers dealing with terrain scattering [3], [4] have focused on the electromagnetic issues involved in computing terrain scattering and demonstrating its importance in an established radio link in a particular environment. We make use here of their electromagnetic approach, but consider several hundred thousand randomly placed radio links in 25 databases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following previous studies [3], [4], terrain variability is divided into two scales-large and small. At distances equal to and greater than the grid spacing (GS), the large-scale variations are described by the terrain database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Terrain Scattering on Radio Links in Hilly/Mountainous Regions

Han

Bertoni

2013

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Current rural propagation models only consider paths (direct, ground reflected, terrain diffracted, troposphere scattered) that lie in the vertical plane containing the transmitter and receiver. This paper shows that nonspecular scattering from terrain can give significant additional contributions to the received signal in hilly/mountainous environments. To show this, we have carried out Monte Carlo simulations of scattering in many different types of rural regions. These simulations model scattering using the bi-static radar equation with a Lambert's law coefficient. In order to permit simulations for many radio links and many terrain databases, we have developed a novel algorithm to rapidly search for terrain scattering elements that are visible to both the transmit and receive antennas. Results show that in sufficiently rugged terrain, the scattered paths can give a greater contribution to received power than vertical plane paths in more than 80% of links. Conclusions are drawn for radio channel characteristics, such as angle spread and short-term spatial fading. Statistical models dependent on terrain variation for path loss, and temporal response are also developed.Index Terms-Mountainous terrain, path loss model, rural propagation, tapped delay line, terrain scattering, viewshed.

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Section: B Terrain Scattering Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Terrain Scattering on Radio Links in Hilly/Mountainous Regions

Han

Bertoni

2013

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…The reduced channel protection is obtained by applying (8) to compute the value of P be ch associated to the resultant S T , and by finding the minimum value t (0 ≤ t ≤ t max ) that satisfies with N = 2t + K and where F (i, q, N, P be ch ) is shown in (5). In this way it is also possible to reduce the required transmission bandwidth, by simply exploiting the features of the mobile transmitters considered.…”

Section: Channel Protection Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For sake of simplicity and computational efficiency, instead of performing on-line 3D terrain analysis [4] [5], it might be preferable to use pre-processed 2D maps, where each position is associated with the parameters characterizing the radio link from that location to the receiving site. In our specific case, we have carried out the experiments over a 15 Km 2 hilly country region with a single receiver located in known position on a relevant site approximately in the center of that area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficient channel coding based on position awareness and radio link budget estimation

Fresia

Iscra

Lavaetto

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005

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This paper proposes a novel approach to energy efficient data transmission based on radio link estimation and adaptive channel coding. A channel protection algorithm is proposed to achieve efficient transmission (in terms of Bit Error Rate), while reducing as much as possible power consumption and transmission bandwidth. The algorithm has been implemented and integrated within an experimental set-up based on a narrow band "ad hoc" network. It has been evaluated through field trials carried out in a hilly region with terrain characteristics that reproduce a variety of situations. The adopted simplified propagation model is based on the well-known knife-edge approximation while the radio link budget is computed by the mobile terminals thanks to 3D map information locally available. The level of channel protection is adaptively matched to the estimated radio link by tuning the transmission parameters and by configuring the Reed-Solomon protection code. Theoretical background and preliminary experimental results are presented in detail. IEEE CommunicationsSociety / WCNC 2005 139 0-7803-8966-2/05/$20.00 © 2005 IEEE 0-7803-8966-2/05/$20.00

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Built‐up terrain wave propagation by Fourier split‐step parabolic wave equation‐ray optical techniques

Eibert

2003

Radio Science

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[1] Fourier split-step (FSS) solutions of the parabolic wave equation (PWE) represent wave fields in terms of plane wave decompositions. However, those field solutions are usually only valid in the air space above built-up terrain, whereas field predictions for modern wireless systems often require knowledge of the fields on a street level. Since FSS PWE solutions with large step sizes are not applicable for field computations between irregular scattering obstacles such as buildings, this problem is overcome by a two-step approach combining the FSS solution of the PWE with ray optical techniques to compute the fields at ground level in wooded and urbanized areas. To account for the great variety of propagation effects in a statistical sense, direct rays, reflected rays, diffracted rays and attenuated rays at typical receiver locations are included into the considerations. Comparisons to a wide variety of measured data show that this two-step approach produces better results than state of the art semiempirical field prediction techniques.

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A three-dimensional wave propagation model for macrocellular mobile communication networks in comparison with measurements

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

The Influence of Terrain Scattering on Radio Links in Hilly/Mountainous Regions

The Influence of Terrain Scattering on Radio Links in Hilly/Mountainous Regions

Energy efficient channel coding based on position awareness and radio link budget estimation

Built‐up terrain wave propagation by Fourier split‐step parabolic wave equation‐ray optical techniques

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