A three-dimensional iconic environment for image database querying

Abstract

Retrieval by contents of images from pictorial databases can be effectively performed through visual icon-based systems. In these systems, the representation of pictures with 2D strings, which are derived from symbolic projections, provides an efficient and natural way to construct iconic indexes for pictures and is also an ideai representation for the visual query. With this approach, retrieval is reduced to matching two symbolic strings. However, using 2D-string representations, spatial relationships between the objects represented in the image might not be exactly specified. Ambiguities ari se for the retrieval of images of 3D scenes. In order to allow the unambiguous description of object spatial relationships, in this paper, following the symbolic projections approach, images are referred to by considering spatial relationships in the 3D imaged scene. A representation language is introduced that expresses positional and directional relationships between objects in three dimensions, stili preserving object spatial extensions after projections. Iconic retrieval from pictorial databases with 3D interfaces is discussed and motivated. A system for querying by example with 3D icons, which supports this language, is al so presented. The system fully allows the user to experience the sensation of directly interacting with reality with no intermediate mental processing.

A Survey of Technologies for Parsing and Indexing Digital Video1

“…On the other hand, inverted files pro-cessed, making the processing more efficient. Bimbo et al [8] have extended the 2-D strings to represent 3-D scenes vide speedy data access mechanisms, though it is expensive to update the index structure. Inverted files incorporate a which seems more relevant to video data as scene descrip-tion can also be made by including reference to the relative the B ϩ -tree that stores complete multidimensional objects without transformation or clipping.…”

“…These systems fall broadly under four categories: query by content [12,23,29,30,34], iconic query [8,17,69], SQL query [53,57], and mixed queries [1,17,41,58]. The query by content is based on images, tabular form, similarity retrieval (rough sketches), or by component features (shape, color, texture).…”

A data model and a query languagefor multimedia documents databases

“…Obviously, it is not necessary for each medium to have all this information (still images do not have temporal information for instance). Using the representation of [5][6][7] spatial and temporal composition can be achieved through the seven operators shown in Fig. 14.…”

“…It has been widely recognized that the existing commercial database management systems (DBMSs) are not well suited for efficient storage and manipulation of multimedia information. Moreover, they do not provide all the features and functions required for the multimedia applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Relational DBMSs are very Correspondence to: A. Karmouch mature technology, however, we hear about the inadequacies of this technology to manage what are often termed as "complex" data.…”

VisualMOQL: the DISIMA visual query language

“…Graphical language [2] refers to visual languages based on semantic models which make use of graphs, flow-charts or blockdiagrams to represent objects and relationships defined among them. In iconic languages [7], queries are expressed by selecting and combining icons (visual metaphors) to produce new ones. In general, the expressive power of visual query languages is low since they are directed at naive users and are often not based on a textual query language.…”