A three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic model of the Waterloo Moraine area, southern Ontario, Canada

Bajc, Andy F.; Russell, H A J; Sharpe, D R

doi:10.1080/07011784.2014.914794

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…11i) overlie Catfish Creek Till in both DV-05 (50 m) and DV-04 (25 m). These sediments are attributed to the Waterloo Moraine and were likely deposited in a subaquatic fan setting by rapid lobe switching in an ice-supported lake (Russell et al 2007;Bajc et al 2014). Facies changes are rapid within this depositional setting and may influence groundwater flow.…”

Section: Central Dundas Valley Aquifer Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of this till, as defined in recent threedimensional modelling efforts, generally ranges between 15 and 40 m (Bajc and Shirota 2007;Bajc and Dodge 2011;Bajc et al 2014). Subglacial facies of the till are generally dry, dense, and overconsolidated, display a silty to sandy matrix, and contain abundant faceted and striated clasts ranging from pebble to boulder size (Bajc et al 2014). Lithologies derived from the north shore of Lake Huron, including Gowganda Formation tillite and jasper conglomerate, are commonly encountered within this northernderived till and aid in its positive identification (Karrow 1988).…”

Section: Quaternary Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4). Interbedded deposits of sand and silty sand with lesser amounts of gravel, silt, clay, and muddy diamict accumulated in what was likely an ice-walled lake fed by a series of converging subglacial conduits (Bajc et al 2014). Waterloo Moraine deposits, approaching 100 m in total thickness, have been intercepted in drilling programs within the Region of Waterloo (Gautrey 1996).…”

Section: Quaternary Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catfish Creek Till and associated stratified deposits occur as a nearly continuous stratigraphic horizon beneath the Waterloo Moraine (Bajc et al 2014). They were encountered in both boreholes and range between 12 and 23 m in thickness.…”

Section: Central Dundas Valley Aquifer Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the groundwater resource potential of the Dundas buried bedrock valley, southwestern Ontario: an integrated geological and hydrogeological case study

et al. 2018

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Population growth in the groundwater-dependent municipalities of southwestern Ontario has prompted interest in the exploration for new, previously untapped, groundwater resources. In this study, the groundwater resource potential of the sediments infilling a deeply buried bedrock valley network centred beneath the Region of Waterloo and the counties of Brant and Hamilton-Wentworth are explored. The objectives of this study are to further refine valley location and geometry, understand infilling sediments and their hydrogeological properties, and characterize waters contained within the aquifers to inform future water management decisions. Results of a regional ground gravity survey were instrumental in locating buried bedrock valleys and guided follow-up drilling. Continuous sediment coring and monitoring well installations were completed to target thick and coarse-grained sediment packages that, based on existing borehole data, showed aquifer potential. Hydraulic testing and groundwater sampling results provided valuable insights into groundwater quantity and quality. Highly transmissive aquifers, some worth investigating further, have been identified within portions of the valley network. The aquifers appear to occur at a number of stratigraphic positions and do not necessarily occur as the deepest unit overlying bedrock. Bedrock topography likely played a role, however, in their preferential preservation. They are commonly overlain by thick sequences of relatively impermeable sediments, providing excellent protection from anthropogenic contamination. Information from water chemistry, however, does suggest hydraulic connection to the surface at some locations. Groundwater quality and quantity information combined with a conceptual three-dimensional geologic model aids in the selection of groundwater resource exploration targets within the untapped resources of the deep, Dundas buried valley sediments.Résumé : La croissance démographique dans les municipalités qui dépendent de l'eau souterraine dans le sud-ouest de l'Ontario entraîne un intérêt croissant pour l'exploration de nouvelles ressources d'eau souterraine non exploitées. L'étude explore le potentiel de ressources d'eau souterraine de sédiments qui remplissent un réseau de vallées creusées dans le socle rocheux centré sous la région de Waterloo et les comtés de Brant et Hamilton-Wentworth. Les objectifs de l'étude consistent à mieux définir l'emplacement et la géométrie des vallées, comprendre les sédiments qui les remplissent et leurs propriétés hydrogéologiques et caractériser les eaux contenues dans les aquifères afin d'éclairer les décisions futures en matière de gestion de l'eau. Les résultats d'un levé gravimétrique régional au sol ont servi à situer des vallées ensevelies creusées dans le socle et ont guidé les forages de suivi. Le carottage continu des sédiments et l'installation de puits de surveillance ont été réalisés dans le but de cibler des séquences de sédiments grossiers épaisses qui, à la lumière de données de forage existante...

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Section: Central Dundas Valley Aquifer Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quaternary Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quaternary Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Central Dundas Valley Aquifer Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the groundwater resource potential of the Dundas buried bedrock valley, southwestern Ontario: an integrated geological and hydrogeological case study

et al. 2018

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“…Notable examples are the Galt, Paris, and Guelph moraines. Stratified moraines (e.g., Oak Ridges, Oro, Orangeville, Waterloo, and Dorchester) have a cumulative areal extent of ϳ2500 km 2 and have received the greatest geological attention, as they have been exploited extensively for groundwater and aggregate resources (e.g., Sharpe et al 2002;Bajc et al 2014;Burt and Dodge 2011). In this issue, papers are presented on the Paris-Galt MacCormack et al 2018) and Orangeville moraines (Burt 2018) along with geophysical data from three stratified moraines (Crow et al 2018).…”

Section: Morainesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary geology of southern Ontario and applications to hydrogeology

et al. 2018

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Quaternary geology of southern Ontario and applications to hydrogeology IntroductionThe southern Ontario (lowland) region is a sedimentary basin covering ϳ72 000 km 2 located within the Great Lakes watershed (e.g., Sharpe et al. 2014a). It is bounded by Canadian Shield to the north and east, and three Great Lakes to the south and west (Ontario, Erie, and Huron). The region is the economic heartland of Canada accounting for over 40% of the Canadian Gross Domestic Product. It contains one-third of the Canadian population and has the highest population density in the country. The Great Lakes cumulatively account for approximately 84% of North Americas available freshwater and form the largest potential transboundary groundwater -surface-water resource between the USA and Canada (Environment Canada and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2014). Ironically, there is significant reliance on groundwater for potable, commercial, and agricultural water uses. Approximately 3 million people use groundwater in Ontario, with the majority of these located in southern Ontario. Extraction by domestic systems support ϳ1.3 million people and ϳ1.9 million people use municipal supplies (e.g., Waterloo, Guelph; Sharpe et al. 2014b).For a decade, from 2004 to 2015, groundwater studies in Ontario were dominated by the Source Protection Program that the provincial ministries of Environment and Climate Change, and Natural Resources and Forestry funded via Conservations Authorities in 22 Source Protection areas. The focus of this work was largely water budget modeling, the identification of threats to drinking water supplies, and the establishment of wellhead protection areas around municipal wells. This program was complemented by the Ontario Geological Survey's groundwater initiative, which focused on the collection and interpretation of new, high quality subsurface geoscience information to support regional groundwater understanding (Bajc et al. 2016). This research was a direct outcome of the recommendations of the Walkerton Inquiry (O'Connor 2002) that followed on the tragic events in a southwestern Ontario community where the water supply was compromised by poor wellhead design and lax water treatment checks and protocols, following a heavy rain event in the spring of 2000. Over 2000 people became ill, 7 people died, and the conservative, tangible cost to the provincial economy, up to 2002, was over $60 million (Livernois 2002).The O'Connor Report (2002) recognized the early leadership in Ontario of the Ontario Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Canada in providing the understanding on geologic controls to support knowledge of groundwater and surface-water relationships. Importantly, geological conceptualization is often the first step of any hydrogeological study as it provides important information about geometry and connectivity of units that may support withdrawal of large amounts of water, and the distribution and integrity of units that may act as a barrier to flow and contaminants. A robust geological framework ...

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