1989
DOI: 10.1002/nme.1620280413
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A three‐dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator

Abstract: SUMMARYThe propagation of non-planar hydraulic fractures is modelled using a three-dimensional numerical simulator. This paper describes the different components of the model (stress/displacement analysis, fluidflow analysis, propagation criterion) with an cmphasis on the numerical techniques used. A few examples of out-of-plane fracture geometries are provided.

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Cited by 87 publications
(35 citation statements)
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“…DDMbased methods have been widely used in simulating hydraulic fracturing in two and three dimensions for homogeneous as well as multi-layered medium ( see Vandamme and Curran (1989) A number of other types of BEM-based formulation for crack problems have also been used in the hydraulic fracturing context. Among those, the Symmetric Galerkin BEM (SGBEM) is a conforming method to enforce variable continuity across element boundaries based on shape function like in the finite element method (see e.g.…”
Section: Boundary Element Schemesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…DDMbased methods have been widely used in simulating hydraulic fracturing in two and three dimensions for homogeneous as well as multi-layered medium ( see Vandamme and Curran (1989) A number of other types of BEM-based formulation for crack problems have also been used in the hydraulic fracturing context. Among those, the Symmetric Galerkin BEM (SGBEM) is a conforming method to enforce variable continuity across element boundaries based on shape function like in the finite element method (see e.g.…”
Section: Boundary Element Schemesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the advent of more computational power, scientific effort has shifted towards developing more accurate planar 3D models (PL3D) [13,14,15]. In such models, the fracture footprint is assumed to be planar and is discretized using a two-dimensional mesh.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The simulated results are shown in Figures 15-18, where the fracture propagation pattern for K s = 1.0×10 3 (Figure 15(b)) is quite different from that for K s = 1.0×10 8 (Figure 16(b)). In Figure 16(b), the fracture follows a straight path, whereas in Figure 15 (Figure 16(b)) is consistent with the general tendency of propagation in the absence of a natural fault.…”
Section: Effect Of the Fault Shear Stiffnessmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…It is also used as a tool for measuring in situ stress. Modeling conventional hydraulic fracturing has been the subject of numerous analytical and numerical investigations, for example the elastic complex [1] and real variable [2,3] boundary element methods and the poroelastic and thermoelastic displacement discontinuity method [4][5][6][7] or the finite-element method (FEM) [8]. Boundary element methods, such as the displacement discontinuity technique provide efficient and accurate results when modeling fracture propagation in elastic media.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%