“…For instance, it may be frequently noticed by teachers that students complain about disinterest in learning a certain subject, doing homework, participating in classroom activities, or teachers' lectures. In the field of foreign language education and second language acquisition, extant scholarly attempts mainly addressed its sources, measurement, and correlation with other academic emotions (e.g., Dewaele, Botes, & Greiff, 2023;Dewaele, Botes, & Meftah, 2023;Li et al, 2021;Zawodniak et al, 2023), with the context-specific features and differences among varied student groups based on demographic factors such as gender and class type under-researched (e.g., Ma et al, 2023). In addition, a large body of related studies examined EFL or L2 boredom among adult learners such as undergraduate students (e.g., Alanazi & Bensalem, 2024;Bai, 2023;Elahi Shirvan et al, 2023), and little attention has been directed to EFL classroom boredom experienced by students in secondary education (e.g., Y.…”