A Thorough Study of LoRaWAN Performance Under Different Parameter Settings

Magrin, Davide; Capuzzo, Martina; Zanella, Andréa

doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2946487

Cited by 94 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We also assume that different SFs are orthogonal and that packets transmitted with different SFs do not collide with each other, as described in [15], [16]. Consequently, when two packets interfere with each other using the same SF over the same channel, both these packets can be received correctly only if their respective signalto-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) after equalization is larger than 6 dB [17], [18].…”

Section: System Model For Mobility-aware Resource Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility-Aware Resource Assignment to IoT Applications in Long-Range Wide Area Networks

Farhad

Kim

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) has recently emerged as one of the most potential technologies for the mobile Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In a LoRaWAN, the networkmanaged adaptive data rate (ADR) method is responsible for managing resource allocation (i.e., spreading factor (SF) and transmit power (TP)) to end-devices (EDs) through ADR commands. When an ED is mobile and receives a new configuration (i.e., SF and TP) from the network server, the propagation scenario could have been dramatically changed. Hence, the SF and the link budget will no longer be valid, which results in packet loss and massive retransmissions. Therefore, we propose a mobility-aware resource (SF) assignment scheme (M-ASFA), which aims to allocate the best SF to IoT-enabled mobile EDs at each uplink transmission by considering the strength of the signals that a gateway receives from the EDs. The simulation results demonstrate that, in our proposed M-ASFA solution, the SF is assigned to mobile EDs by proactively responding to the mobility of the EDs. This proactive behavior of the proposed scheme enhances the packet success ratio by significantly reducing the impact of interference, retransmissions, and packet loss when compared with the LoRaWAN-based ADR.

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Section: System Model For Mobility-aware Resource Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility-Aware Resource Assignment to IoT Applications in Long-Range Wide Area Networks

Farhad

Kim

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…As part of investigating the impact of several parameters, the authors of [60] examined NbTrans. They found that increasing this parameter does improve performance for confirmed traffic, but that the increases have diminishing returns.…”

Section: ) the Impact Of Nbtransmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work presented in [48] was followed up with the development of a mathematical model for single gateway networks in [62] and used to study LoRaWAN in [60]. This model was compared with the simulator described in [48] and [58] and was found to match favourably.…”

Section: ) the Impact Of Sfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey on the Viability of Confirmed Traffic in a LoRaWAN

2020

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Internet of Things (IoT) deployments are on the rise globally with Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) providing the wireless networks needed for this expansion. One of these technologies namely Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has proven to be a very popular choice. The LoRaWAN protocol allows for confirmed traffic from the end device to the gateway (uplink) and the reverse (downlink), increasing the number of IoT use cases that it can support. However, this comes at a cost as downlink traffic severely impacts scalability due to in part a gateway's duty cycle restrictions. This paper highlights some of the use cases that require confirmed traffic, examines the recent works focused on LoRaWAN confirmed traffic and discusses the mechanism with which is implemented. It was found that confirmed traffic is viable in small networks, especially when data transfer is infrequent. Additionally, the following aspects negatively impact the viability of confirmed traffic in large networks: the duty cycle restrictions placed on gateways, the use of spreading factor 12 for receive window 2 transmissions, a high maximum number of transmissions (NbTrans) and the ACK_TIMEOUT transmission backoff interval. The paper also raises and suggests solutions to open research challenges that must be overcome to increase the viability of confirmed traffic.

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“…The core of the CDMA protocol is spread spectrum, i.e., modulation with a pseudo-random code sequence whose bandwidth is much larger than the signal bandwidth, so that the bandwidth of the original signal is expanded and then modulated by the carrier and transmitted [28]. The CDMA spread spectrum model is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Cdma Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol

Liu

Liang

et al. 2020

Electronics

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Long Range (LoRa) has become one of the most promising physical layer technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Although it manifests low-power consumption and long-distance communication, LoRa encounters a large number of collisions in the IoT environment, which severely affects the system’s throughput and delay performance. In this paper, a code division carrier sense multiple access (CD/CSMA) protocol that resolves the traditional channel collision problem and implements multi-channel transmission is proposed for the LoRa medium access control (MAC) layer. To reduce data transmission delay and maximize the throughput of the system, the adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol divides the channel load into four states and dynamically adjusts the data transmission probability. Then, to reduce channel collisions significantly, the code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol is performed on different channel states. Moreover, the combination of the proposed adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol and the CDMA successfully reduces the number of data retransmissions and makes LoRa more stable. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive p-persistent CD/CSMA protocol can achieve near-optimal and occasionally even better performance than some conventional MAC protocols, especially in a heavy load channel.

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A Thorough Study of LoRaWAN Performance Under Different Parameter Settings

Cited by 94 publications

References 21 publications

Mobility-Aware Resource Assignment to IoT Applications in Long-Range Wide Area Networks

Mobility-Aware Resource Assignment to IoT Applications in Long-Range Wide Area Networks

A Survey on the Viability of Confirmed Traffic in a LoRaWAN

High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol

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