A thorough assessment of China’s standard for energy consumption of buildings

Yan, Da; Hong, Tianzhen; Li, Cheng; Zhang, Qi; An, Jingjing; Hu, Shan

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.019

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Building information tools and intervention tools vary significantly depending on the targeted occupant groups, 21 detailed policy measures, and the constraint of implementation. The presence of multiple stakeholders, uncertain service levels and diversity of OB cause uncertainties in BEP design, implementation and final effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building energy regulations are mainly focused on the energy performance at the building, system and equipment levels. It has been widely acknowledged in the literature that there is an alarming performance gap between the predicted and actual energy consumption of buildings due to OB factors [17].Gasps between selected OB with OB in reality are one of the most significant reasons leading to gaps between predicted and measured building energy performance were widely observed and researched in literatures [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Accurate understanding of real OB, scientific method of choosing OB, and proper definition of OB in building energy regulations are very essential to narrow the gap [8,19].…”

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of occupant behavior in building energy policy

Yan

Azar

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

Self Cite

124

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Buildings play a dominant role in global efforts towards energy consumption reduction, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation, as well as global clean energy transition. Building Energy Policies (BEP) improved globally and quickly with a growing number of building codes implemented over the past decade. Occupant Behavior (OB) has significant impacts on building energy performance and occupant comfort, despite often being not well understood and oversimplified in BEPs. This paper highlighted the research needs of properly integrating OB in building energy polices by presenting a literature review to identify the key questions and challenges related to building technical standards and regulations, building information policies, building energy incentives, and policy evaluations and way forward. Challenges and opportunities of OB in BEP are also discussed with respect to technical innovation and digitalization, as well as concerns related to energy efficiency and fairness. There has been growing interests, research and applications in this field, but significant challenges and opportunities still lie ahead. Keywords: Occupant behavior; building energy policy; climate change policy; building energy efficiency;HVAC system 1. Introduction Occupant behavior in building energy policyBuildings play a dominant role in global efforts towards energy consumption reduction, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation, as well as global clean energy transition. Facing global climate change and national energy security challenges, international agreements, initiatives, and building sector energy policies are providing 2 promising alternatives to the status quo. In recent years, Building Energy Policies (BEP) improved globally and quickly with a growing number of building codes implemented over the past decade. In contrast, global final energy consumption in buildings increased by more than 5% between 2010 and 2017, as energy efficiency gains were outpaced by continued growth in the building sector size and resulting energy service demands [1]. Among various factors, Occupant Behavior (OB) plays an essential role in building energy demand increases and activity growth. In addition, OB has significant impacts on building energy performance and occupant comfort, despite often being not well understood and oversimplified in BEPs due to its stochastic, diverse, complex and interdisciplinary nature [2]. Definition, estimation and intervention of OB become essential research challenges during building energy policy making, implementation and evaluation processes. Real OB US OB China OB EU OB EU regulation China regulation OB in regulation US regulation Country X OB Country X regulation Gap 2 Gap 1 Gap 3

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of occupant behavior in building energy policy

Yan

Azar

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

Self Cite

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More and more studies have pointed out there is a performance gap between calculated and actual building energy performance (Bordass et al, 2004;Demanuele et al, 2010;Guerra-Santin and Itard, 2012;Accame et al, 2012;Calì et al, 2016;Brom et al, 2018). Thus, actual energy savings by the BEES could be different from design savings (Li et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2017;Newsham et al, 2009). Misleading design savings by the BEES may confuse the process of setting the target for carbon emissions and hinder building energy conservation.…”

Section: Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, this study provides a foundation for the future formation of outcomebased compliance pathways for achieving the actual energy performance of the BEES in China. Chinese government has implemented a standard for the energy consumption of buildings, which is based on actual energy use in buildings, titled the "Standard for Energy Consumption of Buildings, GB/T51161-2016" (Yan et al, 2017). However, it has not yet formed a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of BEES in reducing actual operation energy demand.…”

Section: Incorporate Outcome-based Pathways Into Current Bees Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do residential building energy efficiency standards reduce energy consumption in China? – A data-driven method to validate the actual performance of building energy efficiency standards

et al. 2019

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Building energy efficiency standards (BEES) are believed to be one of the most effective policies to reduce building energy consumption, especially in the case of the rapid urbanization content in China. However, there is little evidence backed up by measured data to validate the actual effectiveness of BEES in China. Using survey data collected from 1,128 households in Chongqing China, this study applied the propensity scores matching method to estimate the effect of two BEES levels: the 50%-BEES (low level) and the 65%-BEES (high level). Results show that buildings built with 65%-BEES, on average, can reduce cooling and heating electricity use intensity (kWh/m 2 /a) by 41%, compared to buildings in the absence of the BEES.Meanwhile, the adoption of 50%-BEES can reduce cooling and heating electricity use intensity (kWh/m 2 /a) by 38%. However, energy savings are not significant if comparing buildings with 65%-BEES and 50%-BEES. The results indicate that there exists a performance gap between calculated design performance savings and actual operation energy savings. These empirical findings provide policy makers with 2 valuable feedback on buildings' actual performance. The findings suggest that it is necessary to incorporate outcome-based compliance pathways into the current BEES system. Lastly, a data-driven building policy evaluation mechanism should be developed in China. Energy consumption databases should be developed to support policies such as building energy codes and standards' development and performance evaluation.

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“…In addition to building pathologies, occupant behaviour and comfort expectations are key determinants of the energy performance gap, especially in new EE buildings. [29][30][31][32] Comparative studies of building energy performance in contrasting socio-economic contexts provide useful insights about the effect of human behaviour. The ratio of energy prices to per capita income in China has steadily come down in recent years, thanks to the rapid economic growth, and this may lead to a rebound effect on household energy use, similar to what has been identified in North America and Europe.…”

Section: China: Current Trends Of Construction and Performance Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap: The need for a systems thinking approach in understanding and addressing energy and environmental performance in buildings

Shrubsole

Hamilton

Zimmermann

et al. 2018

Indoor and Built Environment

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Innovations in materials, construction techniques and technologies in building construction and refurbishment aim to reduce carbon emissions and produce low-energy buildings. However, in-use performance consistently misses design specifications, particularly those of operational energy use and indoor environmental quality. This performance gap risks reducing design, technology, sustainability, economic, health and well-being benefits. In this paper, we compare settings of the Chinese and the UK buildings sectors and relate their historical context, design, construction and operation issues impacting energy performance, indoor environmental quality, occupant health and well-being. We identify a series of key, common factors of 'total' building performance across these two settings: the application of building regulations, the balance between building cost and performance, skills, construction and operation. The dynamic and complex interactions of these factors are currently poorly understood and lead to building performance gaps. We contend that a systems approach in the development of suitable building assessment methods, technologies and tools could enable the formulation and implementation of more effective policies, regulations and practices. The paper illustrates the application of the approach to the UK and Chinese settings. A full application of a systems approach may help to provide a more dynamic understanding of how factor interactions impact the 'total' building performance gaps and help address its multiple causes.

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A thorough assessment of China’s standard for energy consumption of buildings

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

A systematic review of occupant behavior in building energy policy

A systematic review of occupant behavior in building energy policy

Do residential building energy efficiency standards reduce energy consumption in China? – A data-driven method to validate the actual performance of building energy efficiency standards

Bridging the gap: The need for a systems thinking approach in understanding and addressing energy and environmental performance in buildings

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