A Thioester-Containing Protein Controls Dengue Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti Through Modulating Immune Response

Weng, Shih-Che; Li, Hsing-Han; Li, Jian-Chiuan; Liu, Wei Liang; Chen, Chun Hong; Shiao, Shin-Hong

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.670122

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The genetic modification of the immune pathways of vector mosquitoes is a powerful tool to limit the vector competence of mosquitoes to arboviruses. Transgenic mosquito lines with altered expression of single immune effectors have been shown to be viable and to affect arbovirus growth and the wider immune landscape [86][87][88]. RVFV differs from other arboviruses in that it is transmitted by many different mosquito species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley Fever Virus Primes Immune Responses in Aedes aegypti Cells

et al. 2023

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The ongoing global emergence of arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses has accelerated research into the interactions of these viruses with the immune systems of their vectors. Only limited information exists on how bunyaviruses, such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), are sensed by mosquito immunity or escape detection. RVFV is a zoonotic phlebovirus (Bunyavirales; Phenuiviridae) of veterinary and human public health and economic importance. We have shown that the infection of mosquitoes with RVFV triggers the activation of RNA interference pathways, which moderately restrict viral replication. Here, we aimed to better understand the interactions between RVFV and other vector immune signaling pathways that might influence RVFV replication and transmission. For this, we used the immunocompetent Aedes aegypti Aag2 cell line as a model. We found that bacteria-induced immune responses restricted RVFV replication. However, virus infection alone did not alter the gene expression levels of immune effectors. Instead, it resulted in the marked enhancement of immune responses to subsequent bacterial stimulation. The gene expression levels of several mosquito immune pattern recognition receptors were altered by RVFV infection, which may contribute to this immune priming. Our findings imply that there is a complex interplay between RVFV and mosquito immunity that could be targeted in disease prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley Fever Virus Primes Immune Responses in Aedes aegypti Cells

et al. 2023

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“…Blood sucking insects such as mosquitoes acquire various pathogens during blood feeding and their midgut epithelial cells act as the first line of defense and produce ROS and several AMPs. The expression of genes coding for AMPs depends on various signaling pathways such as Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), and Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways; activation of these pathways inhibits viral replication ( 8 , 21 , 22 ). PRRs detect microbial invaders and initiate signaling cascades that hinder their proliferation in the host.…”

Section: Insect Innate Immune System and Pathogen Clearance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-pathogen interaction in arthropod vectors: Lessons from viral infections

et al. 2023

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Haematophagous arthropods can harbor various pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and nematodes. Insects possess an innate immune system comprising of both cellular and humoral components to fight against various infections. Haemocytes, the cellular components of haemolymph, are central to the insect immune system as their primary functions include phagocytosis, encapsulation, coagulation, detoxification, and storage and distribution of nutritive materials. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes are also involved in cellular defense responses. Blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks, can harbour a variety of viral pathogens that can cause infectious diseases in both human and animal hosts. Therefore, it is imperative to study the virus-vector-host relationships since arthropod vectors are important constituents of the ecosystem. Regardless of the complex immune response of these arthropod vectors, the viruses usually manage to survive and are transmitted to the eventual host. A multidisciplinary approach utilizing novel and strategic interventions is required to control ectoparasite infestations and block vector-borne transmission of viral pathogens to humans and animals. In this review, we discuss the arthropod immune response to viral infections with a primary focus on the innate immune responses of ticks and mosquitoes. We aim to summarize critically the vector immune system and their infection transmission strategies to mammalian hosts to foster debate that could help in developing new therapeutic strategies to protect human and animal hosts against arthropod-borne viral infections.

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“…Interestingly, a recent study has shown that knockdown of TEP1 and TEP2 results in higher titers of DENV2 and WNV in Ae. aegypti [ 121 , 122 ]. Overexpression of TEP1 also suppresses DENV2 infection [ 122 ], suggesting an antagonist role for Ae.…”

Section: Humoral Factors Produced By Hemocytes Regulate Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti, a macroglobulin complement-related factor (AaMCR) and scavenger receptor-C (AaSR-C) have an antagonist role against DENV1-4 and yellow fever virus (YFV), and they are more highly expressed in hemocytes than in any other tissue [ 107 ]. It has been suggested that TEPs provide resistance to flavivirus infection by activating the TOLL, JAK/STAT, and IMD pathways, as well as producing AMPs [ 92 , 93 , 107 , 121 , 123 ]. TEP1, in cooperation with other proteins, can regulate mechanisms such as melanization, AMP expression, and phagocytosis, which can have an impact on viral infection.…”

Section: Humoral Factors Produced By Hemocytes Regulate Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mosquito Hemocytes in Viral Infections

Cardoso-Jaime

Tikhe

Dong

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Insect hemocytes are the only immune cells that can mount a humoral and cellular immune response. Despite the critical involvement of hemocytes in immune responses against bacteria, fungi, and parasites in mosquitoes, our understanding of their antiviral potential is still limited. It has been shown that hemocytes express humoral factors such as TEP1, PPO, and certain antimicrobial peptides that are known to restrict viral infections. Insect hemocytes also harbor the major immune pathways, such as JAK/STAT, TOLL, IMD, and RNAi, which are critical for the control of viral infection. Recent research has indicated a role for hemocytes in the regulation of viral infection through RNA interference and autophagy; however, the specific mechanism by which this regulation occurs remains uncharacterized. Conversely, some studies have suggested that hemocytes act as agonists of arboviral infection because they lack basal lamina and circulate throughout the whole mosquito, likely facilitating viral dissemination to other tissues such as salivary glands. In addition, hemocytes produce arbovirus agonist factors such as lectins, which enhance viral infection. Here, we summarize our current understanding of hemocytes’ involvement in viral infections.

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A Thioester-Containing Protein Controls Dengue Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti Through Modulating Immune Response

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Rift Valley Fever Virus Primes Immune Responses in Aedes aegypti Cells

Rift Valley Fever Virus Primes Immune Responses in Aedes aegypti Cells

Host-pathogen interaction in arthropod vectors: Lessons from viral infections

The Role of Mosquito Hemocytes in Viral Infections

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