A Thermophilic, Acidophilic Mycoplasma Isolated from a Coal Refuse Pile

Darland, Gary; Brock, Thomas D.; Samsonoff, William A.; Conti, S. F.

doi:10.1126/science.170.3965.1416

Cited by 368 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

180

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The Euryarchaeota contains several members that grow at extremely low pH, including F. acidarmanus Fer1 and the other identified member of this family, F. acidiphilum (Edwards et al 2000;Golyshina and Timmis 2005). The Ferroplasmaceae lie within the order of Thermoplasmatales, which also contains the other characterized acidophiles, the Thermoplasmaceae and Picrophilaceae (Darland et al 1970;Futterer et al 2004;Golyshina et al 2006;Golyshina and Timmis 2005). The Thermoplasmatales are able to grow at very low pH, typically <pH 2, with Picrophilus torridus and F. acidarmanus Fer1 being the most extreme with growth observed at pH 0 (Dopson et al 2004;Futterer et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase from the acidophilic archaeon “Ferroplasma acidarmanus” Fer1

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase from the acidophilic archaeon “Ferroplasma acidarmanus” Fer1

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Thermoplasma acidophila was first isolated from a thermal and acidic region of a coal refuse pile (Darland, Brock, Samsonoff & Conti, 1970) and several other strains of this organism have been recently isolated and characterized in this laboratory. All isolates have a temperature optimum for growth of approximately 55 "C and a pH optimum of 2.0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Stability of a Thermophilic, Acidophilic Mycoplasma

Belly

Brock

1972

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermoplasma acidophila is a free-living M ycoplasma which grows optimally at a temperature of 55 "C and a pH value of 2.0. Thermoplasma acidophila strains are resistant to lysis when suspended in distilled water. Organisms are also more resistant than other reported mycoplasmas to lysis by anionic and cationic surface active agents. Bacterial suspensions were unusually resistant to thermal lysis and were not affected even at temperatures of loo "C. Although lysis did not occur at pH ranges of I to 7, rapid lysis occurred at pH values of 8 and above. These findings suggest that T. acidophila has an unusual membrane structure enabling this Mycoplasma to grow at high temperature and low pH. I N T R O D U C T I O NThermoplasma acidophila was first isolated from a thermal and acidic region of a coal refuse pile (Darland, Brock, Samsonoff & Conti, 1970) and several other strains of this organism have been recently isolated and characterized in this laboratory. All isolates have a temperature optimum for growth of approximately 55 "C and a pH optimum of 2.0.Although the possibility still exists that Thermoplasma acidophila is a stable L-form, it resembles members of the Mycoplasma group in several important characteristics : small size (0.1 to 3 pm), filterability through a 0.45 pm filter, the absence of a wall structure, the absence of detectable hexosamines and resistance to antibiotics which inhibit the growth of micro-organisms possessing walls. Furthermore, the low GC ratio of these organisms (24 to 28-5 %) and our inability to demonstrate reversion to a parent form also indicate that T. ucidophila should be included in the Mycoplasma group of organisms. Brock (I 967) has suggested that the crucial thermostable structure allowing thermophiles to grow at high temperatures may be in their cell membranes. Evidence in support of this hypothesis has been obtained in several studies which indicate that protoplasts of thermophiles are extremely stable to heat and to osmotic shock (Abram, 1965;Golovacheva, 1967;Bodman & Welker, 1969; whereas protoplasts of mesophilic microorganisms are more sensitive to osmotic shock (McQuillen, 1960) and lyse after heating at 60 "C for 60 min (Ray & Brock, I 971).Although it is generally believed that acidophiles can grow at low pH because of their ability to exclude H+ ions (Brock, 1969), little work has been reported on the membrane properties or cellular stability of these organisms.The following study of the effect of various physical and chemical agents on Thermoplasma acidophila was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether this organism was similar to * The bulk of this work was done while the authors were at

show abstract

“…The genus Thermoplasma currently has only two species, Thermoplasma acidophilum (Darland et al, 1970) and Thermoplasma volcanium (Segerer et al, 1988). Thermoplasma acidophilum is devoid of a cell envelope but has a cytoplasmic membrane, while Thermoplasma volcanium has a thin and electronlucent cell envelope surrounding a cytoplasmic membrane (two-layered) which together are called the triple-layered membrane (Segerer et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermococcus coalescens sp. nov., a cell-fusing hyperthermophilic archaeon from Suiyo Seamount

Kuwabara

Minaba

Iwayama

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cell-fusing hyperthermophilic archaeon was isolated from hydrothermal fluid obtained from Suiyo Seamount of the Izu-Bonin Arc. The isolate, TS1 T , is an irregular coccus, usually 0?5-2 mm in diameter and motile with a polar tuft of flagella. Cells in the exponential phase of growth fused at room temperature in the presence of DNA-intercalating dye to become as large as 5 mm in diameter. Fused cells showed dark spots that moved along in the cytoplasm. Large cells with a similar appearance were also observed upon culture at 87 6C, suggesting the occurrence of similar cell fusions during growth. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cells in the exponential phase possessed a thin and electron-lucent cell envelope that could be lost subsequently during culture. The fragile cell envelope must be related to cell fusion. The cells grew at 57-90 6C, pH 5?2-8?7 and at NaCl concentrations of 1?5-4?5 %, with the optima being 87 6C, pH 6?5 and 2?5 % NaCl. The isolate was an anaerobic chemo-organotroph that grew on either yeast extract or tryptone as the sole growth substrate. The genomic DNA G+C content was 53?9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the isolate was closely related to Thermococcus species. However, no significant DNA-DNA hybridization was observed between genomic DNA of strain TS1 T and phylogenetically related Thermococcus species. We propose that isolate TS1 T represents a novel species, Thermococcus coalescens sp. nov., with the name reflecting the cell fusion activity observed in the strain. The type strain is TS1 T (=JCM 12540 T =DSM 16538 T ).

show abstract

A Thermophilic, Acidophilic Mycoplasma Isolated from a Coal Refuse Pile

Cited by 368 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase from the acidophilic archaeon “Ferroplasma acidarmanus” Fer1

Characterization of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase from the acidophilic archaeon “Ferroplasma acidarmanus” Fer1

Cellular Stability of a Thermophilic, Acidophilic Mycoplasma

Thermococcus coalescens sp. nov., a cell-fusing hyperthermophilic archaeon from Suiyo Seamount

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About