“…The traditional design concept of doping is to control the initial raw materials ratio. It is widely believed that low-valence dopants (such as Na + , ) substitute lithium ions and high-valence dopants (such as Co 2+ , Mg 2+ , − Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , , Ce 3+ , Cr 3+ , and Ti 4+ ,, ) are doped at the V sites of LVP. Ti 4+ and V 3+ have similar ionic radii, which makes Ti 4+ an ideal candidate for V 3+ substitution.…”