A thermodynamic description of the near- and far-field intensity patterns emerging from multimode nonlinear waveguide arrays

Abstract

Nonlinear highly multimode photonic systems are ubiquitous in optics. Yet, the sheer complexity arising from the action of nonlinearity in multimode environments has posed theoretical challenges in describing these systems. In this work, we deploy concepts from optical thermodynamics to investigate the near-and far-field emission intensity patterns emerging from nonlinear waveguide arrays. An exact equation dictating the response of a nonlinear array is derived in terms of the system's invariants that act as extensive thermodynamic variables. In this respect, the near-and farfield characteristics emerging from a weakly nonlinear waveguide lattice are analytically addressed. We show that statistically, these patterns and the resulting far-field brightness are governed by the optical temperature and its corresponding chemical potential. The extensivity associated with the entropy of such configurations is discussed. The thermodynamic results presented here were found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations obtained from nonlinear coupled-mode theory.