A thermodynamic analysis of a novel bidirectional district heating and cooling network

Pass, Rebecca Zarin; Wetter, Michael; Piette, Mary Ann

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.122

Cited by 74 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The process involves long-term simulations of a large number of buildings, including internal energy supply or energy conversion systems, in combination with external energy supply systems like the electrical grid. Several co-simulation architectures have undergone development in the past few years, such as MESCOS (Molitor et al, 2014), MOSAIK, and Modelica libraries (Bu¨nning et al, 2017;Schweiger et al, 2017;Zarin Pass, Wetter and Piette, 2018). MESCOS is a platform that supports the design of control and energy management algorithms for city district scale energy systems.…”

Section: Figure 6 Coupling Schema Between Building Energy Models Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten questions on urban building energy modeling

Hong

Chen

Luo

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

294

121

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Buildings in cities consume up to 70% of all primary energy. To achieve cities' energy and climate goals, it is necessary to reduce energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions in buildings through energy conservation and efficiency improvements. Computational tools empowered with rich urban datasets can model performance of buildings at the urban scale to provide quantitative insights for stakeholders and inform their decision making on urban energy planning, as well as building energy retrofits at scale, to achieve efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of urban buildings. Designing and operating urban buildings as a group (from a city block to a district to an entire city) rather than as single individuals requires simulation and optimization to account for interactions among buildings and between buildings and their surrounding urban environment, and for district energy systems serving multiple buildings with diverse thermal loads across space and time. When hundreds or more buildings are involved in typical urban building energy modeling (UBEM) to estimate annual energy demand, evaluate design or retrofit options, and quantify impacts of extreme weather events or climate change, it is crucial to integrate urban datasets and UBEM tools in a seamless automatic workflow with cloud or high-performance computing for users including urban planners, designers and researchers. This paper presents ten questions that highlight significant UBEM research and applications. The proposed answers aim to stimulate discussion and provide insights into the current and future research on UBEM, and more importantly, to inspire new and important questions from young researchers in the field.

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Section: Figure 6 Coupling Schema Between Building Energy Models Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten questions on urban building energy modeling

Hong

Chen

Luo

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

294

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For each desired combination of such stations in a given city, Zarin Pass et al [9] calculate the combined hourly heating, cooling, and DHW load profiles. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand

2020

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Proper adjustment of domestic hot water (DHW) load structure can balance energy demand with the supply. Inefficiency in primary energy use prompted Omsk DH company to be a strong proponent of a flow controller at each substation. Here the return temperature is fixed to the lowest possible value and the supply temperature is solved. Thirty-five design scenarios are defined for each load deviation index with equally distributed outdoor temperature ranging from +8 for the start of a heating season towards extreme load at temperature of -26°C. All the calculation results are listed. If a flow controller is installed, the customers might find it suitable to switch to this type of DHW supply. Considering an option with direct hot water extraction as usual and a flow controller installed, the result indicates that the annual heat consumption will be lower once network temperatures during the fall or spring months are higher. The heat load profiles obtained here may be used as input for a simulation of a DH substation, including a heat pump and a tank for thermal energy storage. This design approach offers a quantitative way of sizing temperature levels in each DH system according to the listed methodology and the designer's preference.

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“…Such grids include decentralized heat pumps delivering the particularly needed temperature, whereas standard technology grids distribute heat at directly usable temperature level. If at least 1 kWh of cooling energy per 5.7 kWh of heating energy is needed, a common grid for heating and cooling purposes is preferable [4]. In the future, cooling will gain importance due to climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the environmental and economic feasibility of district heating systems—a perspective from integrated spatial and energy planning

2019

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Background: District heating systems have been gaining importance in the last years. However, local circumstances, e.g. regarding heat demand and available heat sources, are diverse and new technologies especially in the low-temperature sector arise. Central aim of this research is to identify the impact of integrated spatial and energy planning on the environmental and economic sustainability of district heating systems, to distinguish between more and less appropriate areas for district heating and to build the basis for a low-barrier decision tool for local authorities regarding the identification of areas suitable for district heating, also showing spatial planning strategies to enhance the opportunities for district heating. Future changes until 2050 are analysed and planning principles derived; therefore, unpredictable parameters such as energy prices and subsidies are not included in this research. Methods: Based on the system analysis according to Vester, a modified method was developed. The following research fields were involved: spatial planning, resource management, environmental planning, and energy and building technology. Results: As main integrated spatial and energy planning aspects relevant for district heating, mix of functions, potential of compacting and extension, density of buildings, inhabitants and employees, building type, thermal insulation potential, and the used heat source(s) were identified. By steering these parameters, the feasibility of district heating systems can be enhanced. Indicators, directly linked to the feasibility of district heating systems are energy consumption density, number of annual full load hours, temperature level, and available heat source(s). Climate change, changes in building density, thermal insulation, and the mix of functions will influence district heating systems regarding environmental and economic aspects. Reduced heat consumption can be a threat to district heating systems, but can be balanced by decreasing inlet temperatures, making waste heat and renewables accessible. Conclusions: As district heating systems are often advantageous to other forms of providing heat due to higher resilience, the economies of scale effect, or the potential of using energy surpluses ('waste heat'), spatial planning policies must seek ways to provide for adequate building density and to enhance the mix of functions in order to ensure the long-term feasibility of district heating systems.

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A thermodynamic analysis of a novel bidirectional district heating and cooling network

Cited by 74 publications

References 9 publications

Ten questions on urban building energy modeling

Ten questions on urban building energy modeling

Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand

Factors influencing the environmental and economic feasibility of district heating systems—a perspective from integrated spatial and energy planning

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