“…Inorganic perovskite-type materials are a versatile and multifunctional class of mixed oxides with the general formula ABO 3 , where A sites are occupied by larger cations, B sites are occupied by smaller cations, and O sites can be occupied by oxygen or by other anions [15]. Several papers rely on the use of Sr 0.85 Ce 0.15 FeO 3-δ perovskite, which has been successfully tested (i) for the degradation of model organic pollutants such as azo-dye Orange II [16], acid orange 8 (AO8) [17], Bisphenol A [18], and acetamiprid (AAP), (ii) for the abatement of oil residues in water [19], (iii) in combination with graphene oxide as the active layer deposited over commercial flatsheet polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes, yielding an improved catalytic activity for the abatement of bisphenol A [20], (iv) in a novel strategy for water purification that involves the integration of membrane filtration and thermocatalytic pollutants degradation, using an alumina tubular support coated with an Al 2 O 3 -doped NF silica layer for the filtration step, aiming to simultaneous degrade micropollutants and mitigate fouling [21], and (v) in an integrated process based on membrane distillation and thermocatalytic oxidation, simultaneously using the thermal energy to drive the permeation of pure water through a hydrophobic membrane and to activate the perovskite [18].…”
The effect of the synthesis and processing parameters on the thermocatalytic performance of Ce-doped SrFeO3 inorganic perovskites was investigated to improve the reproducibility and reliability of the synthetic methodology and of the testing procedure. A structural, surface and redox characterization was performed to check the extent of variability in the chemical–physical properties of the prepared materials, revealing that a strict control of the synthesis parameters is indeed crucial to optimize the thermocatalytic properties of Ce-doped SrFeO3 inorganic perovskites. The thermocatalytic tests, aimed to degrade organic pollutants in water, were performed using Orange II and Bisphenol A as target compounds, in view of a later technological application. The main issues in the synthesis and testing of Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskite thermocatalysts are highlighted and described, giving specific instructions for the resolution of each of them. A limited number of prepared materials showed an efficient thermocatalytic effect, indicating that a full gelification of the sol, an overstoichiometric reducer-to-oxidizer ratio, a nominal cerium content (i.e., higher than its solubility limit (15 mol%)), a pH of 6 and a thermal treatment at 800 °C/2 h are the best synthesis conditions to obtain an effective Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskite. Regarding the testing conditions, the best procedure is to follow the degradation reaction without any preconditioning with the pollutant at room temperature. The severe leaching of the active perovskite phase during tests conducted at acidic pH is discussed. Briefly, we suggest confining the application of these materials to a limited pH range. Variability between thermocatalysts prepared in two different laboratories was also checked. The issues discussed and the proposed solutions overcome some of the obstacles to achieving a successful scale up of the synthesis process. Our results were favorable in comparison to those in the literature, and our approach can be successfully extended to other perovskite catalysts.
“…Inorganic perovskite-type materials are a versatile and multifunctional class of mixed oxides with the general formula ABO 3 , where A sites are occupied by larger cations, B sites are occupied by smaller cations, and O sites can be occupied by oxygen or by other anions [15]. Several papers rely on the use of Sr 0.85 Ce 0.15 FeO 3-δ perovskite, which has been successfully tested (i) for the degradation of model organic pollutants such as azo-dye Orange II [16], acid orange 8 (AO8) [17], Bisphenol A [18], and acetamiprid (AAP), (ii) for the abatement of oil residues in water [19], (iii) in combination with graphene oxide as the active layer deposited over commercial flatsheet polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes, yielding an improved catalytic activity for the abatement of bisphenol A [20], (iv) in a novel strategy for water purification that involves the integration of membrane filtration and thermocatalytic pollutants degradation, using an alumina tubular support coated with an Al 2 O 3 -doped NF silica layer for the filtration step, aiming to simultaneous degrade micropollutants and mitigate fouling [21], and (v) in an integrated process based on membrane distillation and thermocatalytic oxidation, simultaneously using the thermal energy to drive the permeation of pure water through a hydrophobic membrane and to activate the perovskite [18].…”
The effect of the synthesis and processing parameters on the thermocatalytic performance of Ce-doped SrFeO3 inorganic perovskites was investigated to improve the reproducibility and reliability of the synthetic methodology and of the testing procedure. A structural, surface and redox characterization was performed to check the extent of variability in the chemical–physical properties of the prepared materials, revealing that a strict control of the synthesis parameters is indeed crucial to optimize the thermocatalytic properties of Ce-doped SrFeO3 inorganic perovskites. The thermocatalytic tests, aimed to degrade organic pollutants in water, were performed using Orange II and Bisphenol A as target compounds, in view of a later technological application. The main issues in the synthesis and testing of Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskite thermocatalysts are highlighted and described, giving specific instructions for the resolution of each of them. A limited number of prepared materials showed an efficient thermocatalytic effect, indicating that a full gelification of the sol, an overstoichiometric reducer-to-oxidizer ratio, a nominal cerium content (i.e., higher than its solubility limit (15 mol%)), a pH of 6 and a thermal treatment at 800 °C/2 h are the best synthesis conditions to obtain an effective Ce-doped SrFeO3 perovskite. Regarding the testing conditions, the best procedure is to follow the degradation reaction without any preconditioning with the pollutant at room temperature. The severe leaching of the active perovskite phase during tests conducted at acidic pH is discussed. Briefly, we suggest confining the application of these materials to a limited pH range. Variability between thermocatalysts prepared in two different laboratories was also checked. The issues discussed and the proposed solutions overcome some of the obstacles to achieving a successful scale up of the synthesis process. Our results were favorable in comparison to those in the literature, and our approach can be successfully extended to other perovskite catalysts.
“…Recently, a thermocatalytic membrane based on a Sr 0.85 Ce 0.15 FeO 3-𝛿 perovskite and graphene oxide coating on a PES membrane support showed abatement of bisphenol A during filtration and no effect on toxicity. [38] In this study, we incorporate a thermocatalyst into the framework of a ceramic alumina membrane using a simple procedure of mixing alumina with a thermocatalytic perovskite (Sr 0.85 Ce 0.15 FeO 3-𝛿 , SCF) to form a homogeneous membrane with the perovskite incorporated in the alumina framework. Hence, the thermocatalyst is distributed within the ceramic membrane instead of surface coating, which will increase the contact time between catalyst and pollutant and ensure efficient pollutant degradation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, a thermocatalytic membrane based on a Sr 0.85 Ce 0.15 FeO 3‐δ perovskite and graphene oxide coating on a PES membrane support showed abatement of bisphenol A during filtration and no effect on toxicity. [ 38 ]…”
Access to clean water is limited by the increasing amount of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), since current methods fail to remove POPs completely. Therefore, new treatment technologies of surface water and wastewater are needed. In this study, two treatment methods are combined in one step, i.e., membrane filtration and thermocatalytic chemical oxidation of POPs. A perovskite‐type catalyst with formula Sr0.85Ce0.15FeO3‐δ (SCF) is incorporated into an alumina membrane using a simple two‐step heat treatment to minimize any chemical reaction of the catalytic active perovskite with alumina. First, a sintering process under inert atmosphere, then, a heat‐treatment under oxidative conditions to oxidize the iron species in the perovskite structure. The well‐known thermocatalytic properties of SCF make the membrane thermocatalytic and thus able to degrade pollutants under dark conditions without addition of oxidants. The SCF content in the membrane is varied between 0 and 15 wt% to explore the change in membrane properties. Results demonstrate that the thermocatalytic membranes have great potential for continuous membrane filtration and simultaneous degradation of POPs. When considering methyl orange, up to 100% removal is obtained at room temperature, whereas up to 93% of bisphenol A is removed at temperatures approaching 60 °C.
“…[15][16][17][18] Ce-doped SrFeO 3 perovskites have been synergistically integrated with membrane ltration units, namely nanoltration and membrane distillation. 16,19 The advantages of such integration include the degradation of toxic pollutants in the membrane concentrate and the mitigation of organic fouling during ltration without any UV or visible light and at temperatures below 80 °C. The un-doped SrFeO 3 can be tetragonal, cubic, or orthorhombic, depending on the oxidation state of the iron and on the oxygen content.…”
In situ grown perovskite and ceria biphasic system causes a structural distortion of the perovskite from cubic to tetragonal thus increasing oxygen availability and promoting the thermocatalytic activity in degradation of bisphenol A.
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