A Theory of the Nuclear Densimeter

Taylor, D.; Kansara, M.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196707000-00004

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…2D; r = -0.61; significant at .01 level of probability). Taylor and Kansara (1967) attribute this inverse relationship to greater scattering and absorption of the gamma photons as the soil density increases. Since soil moisture increases the occurrence of photon slowing, each reading was corrected for soil moisture.…”

Section: Gamma Ray Scattering Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Soil Compaction on Rangeland

Gifford¹,

Faust²,

Coltharp³

1977

Journal of Range Management

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Section: Gamma Ray Scattering Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Soil Compaction on Rangeland

Gifford¹,

Faust²,

Coltharp³

1977

Journal of Range Management

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“…Scatter gauges for density and thickness measurements are also widely used, usually relying on photon Compton scattering, the energy-angle relationship for this process, and the dependence of this process on electron density in the sample, as discussed by Taylor and Kansara [ 25 , 26 ], Pandey [ 27 ], Gayer et al [ 28 ], and Zabrodskii [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Although the detector, which may be either on the same or far side of the sample from the radiation source, is usually collimated to restrict the detector view, in some monitoring devices neither the source nor the detector is collimated.…”

Section: General Principles Of Radiometric Gauging and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of industrial, agricultural, and medical applications of radiometric gauging and process control

Hubbell¹

1990

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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Photon and particle radiations (gamma rays, x rays, brems-strahlung, electrons and other charged particles, and neutrons) from radioactive isotopes, x-ray tubes, and accelerators are now widely used in gauging, production control, and other monitoring and metrology devices where avoidance of mechanical contact is desirable. The general principles of radiation gauges, which rely on detection of radiation transmitted by the sample, or on detection of scattered or other secondary radiations produced in the sample, are discussed. Examples of such devices currently used or at least shown to be feasible in industrial, transportation, building, mining, agricultural, medical, and other metrology situations are presented, drawing from a total of 146 selected technical and review paper reference sources here cited.

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“…These two opposing factors balance to some extent. Taylor and Kansara (1967) have shown that the effect of change of K, on I is greater than the effect of chan e of k, and so there is a residual sufficiently large to be of any practical application. Z/A ratio) and to decrease, because exp(-f ,pd) decreases with the effect due to the k,-factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of Moisture Content With a Gamma Backscatter Density Gauge

Ciftcioglu

Byatt

Taylor

1972

Journal of Soil Science

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Gamma-radiation, backscatter gauges, as normally employed for the determination of the bulk density of soils, use integral mode counting. They are relatively insensitive to the presence of soil moisture and hence not genefaally suitable for monitoring soil moisture content, particularly, if the soil type effect is minimized by counting only gamma-photons of energy > 0.400 MeV for a la7Cs source. However, using differential mode counting with the window set at about 0.08 MeV, the phenomenon is one of multiple instead of single scattering. With a source-detector separation of the order of 20 cm, about eight Compton interactions are obtained and, as a multiplying factor of Z/A is involved at each interaction, the increased response with hydrogen-containing material is easily observable. The value of Z/A for hydrogen is I ' 0 , and for materials not containing hydrogen about 0.5 ; therefore for water it is 5/9. Hence under these conditions, the response for water compared with non-hydrogen-containing materials is [(5/9)/(1/2)]' = 2.32 times, an increase of 132 per cent. This method can therefore be exploited to measure the moisture content of soils. The sensitivity is high, and the accuracy is better than f 5 per cent, which is not as good as can be achieved with a separate thermal neutron detector, but is useful for many purposes and, of course, only one instrument is required. Introduction THE usual gamma backscatter gauge comprises a radioactive source (S)

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A Theory of the Nuclear Densimeter

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Measuring Soil Compaction on Rangeland

Measuring Soil Compaction on Rangeland

Survey of industrial, agricultural, and medical applications of radiometric gauging and process control

Determination of Moisture Content With a Gamma Backscatter Density Gauge

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