A theory for the mushrooming of flat-ended projectiles impinging on a flat rigid anvil, using energy considerations

Hawkyard, J. B.

doi:10.1016/0020-7403(69)90049-6

Cited by 99 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This shape has been identified in many studies examining metallic materials. [6][7][8] Balendra et al [8] reasoned that this shape is due to an extremely high radial velocity imparted to the impact face of the specimen initially, but arrested as the deformation wave propagates into the specimen. In contrast, the extended-mushroom shape has a relatively small radial velocity, but has a larger deformation zone that extends further into the specimen.…”

Section: A Transient Deformation-state Observationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Characterization of Epoxy-Cast Al + Fe2O3 Thermite Mixture Composites

Ferranti

Thadhani

2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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The dynamic mechanical behavior characterization of epoxy-cast stoichiometric mixtures of nano-or micron-scale aluminum and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) powders is investigated in this work. Experiments conducted on rod-shaped samples, using instrumented reverse Taylor impact tests employing high-speed imaging and velocity interferometry, show that these composites exhibit viscoelastic deformation and brittle fracture behaviors. Upon impact, the samples display significant elastic and plastic deformation during both the loading and unloading stages, as determined from quantitative high-speed camera measurements of the transient deformation states. Approximately 50 pct elastic recovery of total axial strain was observed to occur rapidly (within tens of microseconds) after impact. A one-dimensional elastic-plastic wave propagation analysis was used for estimating the compositeÕs dynamic average yield stress and total plastic strain. The results reveal that the nano-Al + Fe 2 O 3 -containing epoxy composite is most resilient, has the highest strength, and is more capable of absorbing impact energy. The analysis additionally provides detailed information about elastic and plastic wave interactions for discrete times, up to the final state of the material. Calculations and observations through the coupling of high-speed camera images and velocity interferometry (VISAR) measurements show that the elastic recovery coincides with peak axial strain and the interaction of elastic and plastic waves propagating within the rod-shaped specimen. Hence, such an instrumented Taylor test provides a detailed view of the general wave structure within the material upon impact and, at the same time, enables a complete description of the stress-strain response.

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Section: A Transient Deformation-state Observationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Characterization of Epoxy-Cast Al + Fe2O3 Thermite Mixture Composites

Ferranti

Thadhani

2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…They measured the deformed contact area of cylindrical agglomerate pellets dropped from several heights. They then used the model of Hawkyard (1969) Paramanathan and Bridgwater (1983a) (Bemrose and Bridgwater, 1987). calculate the dynamic yield stress of the pellets.…”

Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakage in granulation: A review

Reynolds

Cheong

et al. 2005

Chemical Engineering Science

132

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“…In conjunction with Taylor's analysis, Whiffin (1948) and Carrington and Gayler (1948), conducted experimental work to study the properties of various steels, duralumin, copper, lead and other metals. Numerous researchers proposed further analyses to improve upon Taylor's original theory (e.g., Hawkyard et al, 1968;Hawkyard, 1969;Wilkins and Guinan, 1973) addressing increasingly detailed aspects of the material behavior (e.g., Jones et al, 1987Jones et al, , 1997Jones et al, , 1998Gillis et al, 1987;House et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Taylor impact testing of polycarbonate

Sarva

Mulliken

Boyce

2007

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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The deformation of polymers under high-rate loading conditions is a governing factor in their use in impact-resistant applications, such as protective shields, safety glass windows and transparent armor. In this paper, Taylor impact experiments were conducted to examine the mechanical behavior of polycarbonate (PC), under conditions of high strain rate ($10 5 s À1 ) and inhomogeneous deformation. High-speed photography was used to monitor the progression of deformation within the sample. A recently developed three-dimensional large strain rate-dependent elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model which describes the high-rate behavior of glassy polymers was used together with the ABAQUS/Explicit finiteelement code to simulate several Taylor impact conditions. The simulation results are compared directly with experimental images for a range in initial rod dimensions and velocities. Final deformed shapes are found to correspond with those obtained experimentally, demonstrating the ability to predict complex inhomogeneous deformation events during very high-rate impact loading scenarios. The dependence of the observed behaviors on the various features of the polymer stress-strain behavior are presented in detail revealing the roles of strain softening and strain hardening in governing the manner in which deformation progresses in a polymer during dynamic inhomogeneous loading events.

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A theory for the mushrooming of flat-ended projectiles impinging on a flat rigid anvil, using energy considerations

Cited by 99 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Characterization of Epoxy-Cast Al + Fe2O3 Thermite Mixture Composites

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Characterization of Epoxy-Cast Al + Fe2O3 Thermite Mixture Composites

Breakage in granulation: A review

Mechanics of Taylor impact testing of polycarbonate

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