A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material

Stouthamer, A. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02578899

Cited by 513 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Formate oxidation could reduce 1 mol NAD+ per mol formate; so, for each 1 rnol formate oxidized, 0.308 mol donates reducing equivalents for NADf reduction for the observed C0,-fixation, leaving 0.692 mol to be oxidized through ATP-generating energetic metabolism. The total ATP requirement is of the order 0.462 mol for C0,-fixation and a further 0-146 mol for biosynthesis from the hexose level (according to Stouthamer, 1973), making 0-608 mol ATP to be synthesized during the oxidation for 0.692 mol formate. If this calculation is a reasonable approximation, a P/O ratio of 0.88 is indicated for energyyielding formate oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autotrophic Metabolism of Formate by Thiobacillus Strain A2

Kelly

Wood

Gottschal

et al. 1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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Thiobacillus A2 grew on formate as its sole source of carbon and energy. Growth was autotrophic : formate and carbon dioxide were equivalent as carbon sources during growth on formate. Carbon dioxide was fixed by the Calvin cycle in formate-or thiosulphate-grown bacteria which contained comparable high specific activities of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. Formate incorporated by bacteria growing heterotrophically or on thiosulphate showed more restricted metabolism, particularly providing carbon for purines. Bacteria growing on formate or thiosulphate assimilated acetate but showed disproportionately high incorporation into glutamate, proline, arginine, leucine, pyrimidines and lipid. Growth kinetics on formate were studied using extended cultures held at constant formate concentrations at pH 7-8. Yield was a function of substrate concentration and growth rate, which were linearly related in the range 4 to 40 mmformate. Formate was an inhibitory substrate at higher concentrations. A computer analysis of the inhibited growth kinetics indicated K, and values of 26.5 and 187 mmformate, respectively, and a true pmar of 0.299 he1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autotrophic Metabolism of Formate by Thiobacillus Strain A2

Kelly

Wood

Gottschal

et al. 1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…A possible explanation for the decreased glycolytic enzyme levels in the evolved strain is that glucose-limited cultivation provides a selective pressure to economize on protein synthesis, which is an energetically expensive process (Forrest & Walker, 1971;Oura, 1972;Stouthamer, 1973). In S. cerevisiae, glycolytic enzymes represent around 10-15 % of the total cellular protein during aerobic, sugar-limited growth (van Hoek, 2000).…”

Section: Unbiased Transcriptome Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged selection in aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes a partial loss of glycolytic capacity

et al. 2005

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Prolonged cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures (dilution rate, 0?10 h "1 ) resulted in a progressive decrease of the residual glucose concentration (from 20 to 8 mg l "1 after 200 generations). This increase in the affinity for glucose was accompanied by a fivefold decrease of fermentative capacity, and changes in cellular morphology. These phenotypic changes were retained when single-cell isolates from prolonged cultures were used to inoculate fresh chemostat cultures, indicating that genetic changes were involved. Kinetic analysis of glucose transport in an 'evolved' strain revealed a decreased K m , while V max was slightly increased relative to the parental strain. Apparently, fermentative capacity in the evolved strain was not controlled by glucose uptake. Instead, enzyme assays in cell extracts of the evolved strain revealed strongly decreased capacities of enzymes in the lower part of glycolysis. This decrease was corroborated by genome-wide transcriptome analysis using DNA microarrays. In aerobic batch cultures on 20 g glucose l "1 , the specific growth rate of the evolved strain was lower than that of the parental strain (0?28 and 0?37 h "1 , respectively). Instead of the characteristic instantaneous production of ethanol that is observed when aerobic, glucose-limited cultures of wild-type S. cerevisiae are exposed to excess glucose, the evolved strain exhibited a delay of~90 min before aerobic ethanol formation set in. This study demonstrates that the effects of selection in glucose-limited chemostat cultures extend beyond glucose-transport kinetics. Although extensive physiological analysis offered insight into the underlying cellular processes, the evolutionary 'driving force' for several of the observed changes remains to be elucidated.

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“…Babel & Mtiller 1985;Stouthamer 1973;Verduyn et al 1990b) that the polymer composition has a major impact on the theoretical energy requirement for cellgrowth. During growth on glucose, the polymerization of amino acids as well as the transport of various nutrients represent a large fraction of the total calculated ATP requirement.…”

Section: Experimental Analysis Of Growth Yields Of Yeasts In Aerobic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has indeed been confirmed: in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures of S. cerevisiae, YAav decreases with increasing growth rate (Verduyn et al 1990b). Harder & van Dijken (1976) introduced the socalled 'coupling factor' (k) which was based upon the observation that, for growth on glucose, the observed and theoretical values for Y~,~, differed by about a factor of two: the average experimental Y~,~ (which has mainly been determined for bacteria) is 12-16g biomass-mol ATP formed -~ (van Gent-Ruyters et al 1975;Stouthamer & Bettenhaussen 1975) and the theoretical value for a 'typical' bacterium is approximately 28 as calculated by Stouthamer (1973). Therefore the equation…”

Section: Calculation Of P/o-ratios For Growth On Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical evaluation of growth yields of yeasts

Verduyn

Stouthamer

Scheffers

et al. 1991

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

205

169

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Growth yields of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis in carbon-limited chemostat cultures were evaluated. The yields on ethanol and acetate were much lower in S. cerevisiae, in line with earlier reports that site I phosphorylation is absent in this yeast. However, during aerobic growth on glucose both organisms had the same cell yield. This can be attributed to two factors: -S. cerevisiae had a lower protein content than C. utilis; -uptake of glucose by C. utilis requires energy whereas in S. cerevisiae it occurs via facilitated diffusion. Theoretical calculations showed that, as a result of these two factors, the ATP requirement for biomass formation in C. utilis is 35% higher than in S. cerevisiae (theoretical YATP values of 20.8 and 28.1, respectively). The experimental YATP for anaerobic growth of S. cerevisiae on glucose was 16 g biomass-mol ATP -1.In vivo P/O-ratios can be calculated for aerobic growth on ethanol and acetate, provided that the gap between the theoretical and experimental ATP requirements as observed for growth on glucose is taken into account. This was done in two ways: -via the assumption that the gap is independent of the growth substrate (i.e. a fixed amount of ATP bridges the difference between the theoretical and experimental values). -alternatively, on the assumption that the difference is a fraction of the total ATP expenditure, that is dependent on the substrate. Calculations of P/O-ratios for growth of both yeasts on glucose, ethanol, and acetate made clear that only by assuming a fixed difference between theoretical and experimental ATP requirements, the P/O-ratios are more or less independent of the growth substrate. These P/O-ratios are approximately 30% lower than the calculated mechanistic values.

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A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material

Cited by 513 publications

References 41 publications

Autotrophic Metabolism of Formate by Thiobacillus Strain A2

Autotrophic Metabolism of Formate by Thiobacillus Strain A2

Prolonged selection in aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes a partial loss of glycolytic capacity

A theoretical evaluation of growth yields of yeasts

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