A theoretical study on tetragonal BaTiO3 modified by surface co-doping for photocatalytic overall water splitting

Fo, Yumeng; Zhou, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.04.098

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…As shown previously [83,170], the intensities of the peaks at 2θ = 44.9 • (reflection (002)) and 2θ = 45.4 • (reflection ( 200)) switch when fresh BaTiO 3 particles are microwave irradiated (at 1800 W for 10 min) with plasma generation and NO x evolution. In Figure 11a-f 101) and ( 110); (c) Reflection ( 111); (d) Reflections ( 002) and (200); (e) Reflections ( 102) and ( 210); (f)Reflections ( 112) and (211) (g) Reflections ( 202) and (220).…”

Section: Microwave Radiation Induced Ferroelectric-to-piezoelectric P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transition from ferroelectric to the piezoelectric phase also proceeds under plasma at a slower rate over a long period of on-stream in nonthermal plasma reactors [3,39,67]. This phase transition is primarily detected [39,67,83] by XRD of BaTiO 3 when the reversal of the intensities at the following Bragg angles 45.1 • and 45.5 • corresponding to the reflections (002) and (200), respectively, as shown by Akay [83]. Microwave irradiation and exposure to plasma also result in extensive physical and chemical structural changes in BaTiO 3 as detected by SEM at high magnifications [83], as well as color change from white to brown and then to black.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalysts For Plasma Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Clear reflection intensity change at 44.90 • , (002) and 45.37 • , (200) for the black-colored BaTiO 3 and equalization of the corresponding intensities for the cream-colored BaTiO 3 . (b) The broadening of the peaks in the microwave-irradiated samples indicates that, as expected, the microwave-irradiated samples have higher amorphous fractions than the fresh BaTiO 3 .…”

Section: Microwave Radiation Induced Ferroelectric-to-piezoelectric P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important anion defect is the oxygen vacancy. It is now known that the enhancements of piezoelectric coefficient, remnant polarization, charge separation efficiency, carrier concentration, ion diffusivity, concentration of dangling bonds on surfaces and the transition from step sites to catalytically active terrace sites morphology in self-modified perovskites are due to crystallographic defects, in particular oxygen vacancies [191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201]. Oxygen vacancies generate electrons with energies within the bandgap, which is reduced (for BaTiO 3 from ca.…”

Section: Anion Vacanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the similar ionic diameters of oxygen and nitrogen, nitrogen substitution is often used for oxygen vacancy generation without introducing serious lattice distortion in the crystal lattice of the Ti 4+ coordinated tetragonal phases [191]. However, in anionic monodoping, several unoccupied impurity states appear within the band gap, which may trap the photogenerated carriers due to charge imbalance thus reducing the photocatalytic efficiency [199][200][201]. When double doping through anionic (or indeed cationic) substitution is performed, the band gap is reduced further compared with monodoping and band gap edges move to visible light frequencies [199][200][201].…”

Section: Anion Vacanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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This multi-disciplinary paper aims to provide a roadmap for the development of an integrated, process-intensified technology for the production of H2, NH3 and NH3-based symbiotic/smart fertilizers (referred to as target products) from renewable feedstock with CO2 sequestration and utilization while addressing environmental issues relating to the emerging Food, Energy and Water shortages as a result of global warming. The paper also discloses several novel processes, reactors and catalysts. In addition to the process intensification character of the processes used and reactors designed in this study, they also deliver novel or superior products so as to lower both capital and processing costs. The critical elements of the proposed technology in the sustainable production of the target products are examined under three-sections: (1) Materials: They include natural or synthetic porous water absorbents for NH3 sequestration and symbiotic and smart fertilizers (S-fertilizers), synthesis of plasma interactive supported catalysts including supported piezoelectric catalysts, supported high-entropy catalysts, plasma generating-chemical looping and natural catalysts and catalysts based on quantum effects in plasma. Their performance in NH3 synthesis and CO2 conversion to CO as well as the direct conversion of syngas to NH3 and NH3—fertilizers are evaluated, and their mechanisms investigated. The plasma-generating chemical-looping catalysts (Catalysts, 2020, 10, 152; and 2016, 6, 80) were further modified to obtain a highly active piezoelectric catalyst with high levels of chemical and morphological heterogeneity. In particular, the mechanism of structure formation in the catalysts BaTi1−rMrO3−x−y{#}xNz and M3O4−x−y{#}xNz/Si = X was studied. Here, z = 2y/3, {#} represents an oxygen vacancy and M is a transition metal catalyst. (2) Intensified processes: They include, multi-oxidant (air, oxygen, CO2 and water) fueled catalytic biomass/waste gasification for the generation of hydrogen-enriched syngas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2); plasma enhanced syngas cleaning with ca. 99% tar removal; direct syngas-to-NH3 based fertilizer conversion using catalytic plasma with CO2 sequestration and microwave energized packed bed flow reactors with in situ reactive separation; CO2 conversion to CO with BaTiO3−x{#}x or biochar to achieve in situ O2 sequestration leading to higher CO2 conversion, biochar upgrading for agricultural applications; NH3 sequestration with CO2 and urea synthesis. (3) Reactors: Several patented process-intensified novel reactors were described and utilized. They are all based on the Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor (M-RZR) concept and include, a multi-oxidant gasifier, syngas cleaning reactor, NH3 and fertilizer production reactors with in situ NH3 sequestration with mineral acids or CO2. The approach adopted for the design of the critical reactors is to use the critical materials (including natural catalysts and soil additives) in order to enhance intensified H2 and NH3 production. Ultimately, they become an essential part of the S-fertilizer system, providing efficient fertilizer use and enhanced crop yield, especially under water and nutrient stress. These critical processes and reactors are based on a process intensification philosophy where critical materials are utilized in the acceleration of the reactions including NH3 production and carbon dioxide reduction. When compared with the current NH3 production technology (Haber–Bosch process), the proposed technology achieves higher ammonia conversion at much lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the costly NH3 separation process through in situ reactive separation, which results in the production of S-fertilizers or H2 or urea precursor (ammonium carbamate). As such, the cost of NH3-based S-fertilizers can become competitive with small-scale distributed production platforms compared with the Haber–Bosch fertilizers.

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Section: Microwave Radiation Induced Ferroelectric-to-piezoelectric P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heterogeneous Catalysts For Plasma Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microwave Radiation Induced Ferroelectric-to-piezoelectric P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anion Vacanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anion Vacanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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Pulsed‐Laser‐Triggered Piezoelectric Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction over Tetragonal BaTiO₃ Nanocubes

Wang,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The recombination of photo‐induced carriers in photocatalysts has been considered as one of the most barriers for the increase of photocatalysis efficiency. Piezoelectric photocatalyst opens a new route to realize rapid carrier separation by mechanically distorting lattice of piezoelectric nanocrystals to form a piezoelectric potential within the nanocrystals, generally requaring external force (e.g., the ultrasonic radiation, mechanical stirring and ball milling). In this study, the low power ultraviolet (UV) pulsed laser (PL, 3 W, 355 nm) as UV light source can trigger piezoelectric photocatalytic CO2 reduction of tetragonal BaTiO3 (BTO‐T) in the absence of applied force. The transient tremendous light pressure (5.7×107 Pa, 2.7 W) of 355 nm PL not only bends the energy band of BTO‐T, thus allowing reactions that cannot theoretically occur to take place, but also induce a pulsed build‐in electric field to determine an efficient photoinduced carrier separation. On that basis, the PL triggered piezoelectric photocatalytic CO2 reduction realizes the reported highest performance, reaching the millimole level CO yield of 52.9 mmol g−1 h−1, and achieving efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction in the continuous catalytic system. The method in this study is promising to contribute to the design of efficient piezoelectric photocatalytic reactions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Composition-driven morphological evolution of BaTiO3 nanowires for efficient piezocatalytic hydrogen production

et al. 2023

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A theoretical study on tetragonal BaTiO3 modified by surface co-doping for photocatalytic overall water splitting

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Pulsed‐Laser‐Triggered Piezoelectric Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction over Tetragonal BaTiO₃ Nanocubes

Composition-driven morphological evolution of BaTiO3 nanowires for efficient piezocatalytic hydrogen production

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A theoretical study on tetragonal BaTiO3 modified by surface co-doping for photocatalytic overall water splitting

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Pulsed‐Laser‐Triggered Piezoelectric Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction over Tetragonal BaTiO3 Nanocubes

Composition-driven morphological evolution of BaTiO3 nanowires for efficient piezocatalytic hydrogen production

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Pulsed‐Laser‐Triggered Piezoelectric Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction over Tetragonal BaTiO₃ Nanocubes