A theoretical model of the membrane electrode assembly of liquid feed direct methanol fuel cell with consideration of water and methanol crossover

One-dimensional steady state algebraic model on the passive direct methanol fuel cell with consideration of the intermediate liquid electrolyte

“…(24). At high cathode overpotential for methanol oxidation, methanol is consumed instantaneously at the M2/CD interface [18,19,27], that is,…”

“…Oxygen diffusion is prohibited due to the blockage of liquid water in the void of porous medium [18]:…”

“…Water transport is driven by three factors: liquid pressure difference across the cell, electro-osmosis in the membrane phase, and capillary pressure gradient in the cathode diffusion layer (CD) [18]. In practice, the cathode diffusion layer is usually hydrophobically fabricated to facilitate the repulsion of water that generated in the cathode catalyst layer as well as that from the anode.…”

A novel direct methanol fuel cell with sol–gel flux phase

“…The transportation and permeability of methanol influence the performance of DMFC. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the research of the flux phase which include methanol permeability and mass transportation of flux phase to the proton exchange membrane, mass transportation model, proton exchange membrane of lower leakage and the catalysts of higher tolerance to CO [7][8][9][10]. Although these studies have made headway, none of them can solve the problem of methanol permeability.…”

Two simple approaches to fabricate Au microlines on the outer surfaces of micropipettes

“…The end of this tip could be made very small and may have an outer diameter down to 2 lm. Due to the small sizes of their tips, the glass micropipettes have been applied for electrochemical microboring (Gavrilas et al 1985), pH measurements (Wilkinson 1959;Khuri et al 1967;Okada and Inouye 1976), creation of nonthermal plasma (Park et al 2010), destruction of bacteria (Becker et al 2002), recording of membrane potential (Fishman 1973;Gotow et al 1977;Yin 2008), creation of well-defined electric field patterns (Olofsson et al 2005), and detection of L-glutamate release from mouse brain slices (Nakajima et al 2003).…”