A theoretical and experimental study of typical heterogeneous ice nucleation process on auto windshield under nocturnal radiative cooling and subfreezing conditions

A numerical prediction and potential control of typical icing process on automobile windshield under nocturnal radiative cooling and subfreezing conditions

“…This could cause a further decline in the temperature of the windshield. Generally, as observed in our previous study, 21 the external surface of the windshield could be cooled below the temperature and even the saturation point of the air, thus triggering the occurrence of icing. According to Clark and Allen, 23 and Ito and Miura, 24 the general nocturnal radiative heat transfer ( q ″ rad ) from the windshield to the sky can be expressed as…”

“…12 h), a simplified mathematical model with respect to the transient heat conduction as well as the convective and radiative heat transfer was developed based on a small interest region P-C (Figure 2(c)), where the frosting behavior could be generally initiated earlier than the lower region of the windshield. 21 Hence, the region P-C ( 25 × 25 mm ) , located at about 40 mm from the upper edge of the windshield along the symmetry line, 21 could be expected to reveal whether frosting would occur on the windshield to a great extent. In addition, since the region P-C generally exhibited a uniform temperature distribution (Figure 2) during a practical nocturnal cooling process, 21 the present transient heat transfer process was supposed to be described by a two-dimensional model.…”

“…(d) Temperature of the ambient air ( T amb ) and the cabin air ( T car , in ) : Based on our experimental study, 21 the typical temperature variation with time can be expressed by fitting a two-term exponential model as shown below…”

“…In this study, a simplified mathematical model, concerned with transient heat conduction as well as convective and radiative heat transfer, was developed to predict the variations of temperature and supercooling of the windshield during typical and practical nocturnal cooling processes of a car. Based on the conclusion from our previous study 21 (i.e. the arrival of saturation point could be expected to approximately mark the initiation of frosting), final supercooling ( Δ T super f ) was introduced as an indicator to evaluate the probability of occurrence of frosting.…”

Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator

“…The gas-fired combined cold, hot, and electric power supply system can realize the effective use of natural gas, alleviate the problem of power supply shortage, and provide safe and reliable electricity [7]. At present, the combined cold, hot, and electric power supply of gas-fired air conditioners is unstable [8]. In order to make the gas air conditioning get better application, it is urgent to solve the problem of unstable cold, heat, and electricity equipment and lack of system integration technology.…”