Abstract:A quantitative description of the second law of thermodynamics in small scale systems and over short time scales comes from various fluctuation theorems. The applicability of the transient fluctuation theorem in particular to small scale systems perturbed from an initial equilibrium steady-state distribution has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in several works over the past few decades. In addition, some experimental works in the past have also made successful attempts to demonstrate th… Show more
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