A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. A retrospective study.
Abstract:Intravesical BCG is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk NMIBC. However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1), and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for a predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing TILs polarization in the TME in pre-treatment biopsies. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate in… Show more
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