“…The chromosome number is 2n = 12, in the two races A and B, but four of the six pairs are morphologically different (VIINIKKA 1971). No B chromosomes have been found in the three populations of the race A examined (Table 1).…”
Section: The Occurrence Of B Chromosomesmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Two races have been described that differ in their chromosome morphology. Race A has been described from the fresh waters in Central Europe, U.S.S.R. and Japan (GUIGNARD 1899;MULLER 1912;LEWITZKY 1931;HARADA 1943HARADA , 1956VIINIKKA 1971), and race B from brackish water habitats as well as from fresh waters in Denmark, German Democratic Republic (G.D.R. ), and Finland (WINGE 1927;VIINIKKA 1971).…”
Two races of Najas marina, designated A and B, can be distinguished on the basis of chromosome morphology. No B chromosomes have been found in plants from three localities of race A. However, in race B, plants with B chromosomes occurred in three out of the nine populations. Since the B chromosomes in these isolated populations were morphologically indistinguishable it was concluded that they are old and of common origin. A B chromosome causes a shift in bivalent types towards lower numbers of chiasmata. B chromosomes have a twofold effect on meiosis: a reduction in chiasma interference in euchromatic regions, and a decrease in chiasma frequency as well as a change in terminalization of chiasmata in the heterochromatic regions.
“…The chromosome number is 2n = 12, in the two races A and B, but four of the six pairs are morphologically different (VIINIKKA 1971). No B chromosomes have been found in the three populations of the race A examined (Table 1).…”
Section: The Occurrence Of B Chromosomesmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Two races have been described that differ in their chromosome morphology. Race A has been described from the fresh waters in Central Europe, U.S.S.R. and Japan (GUIGNARD 1899;MULLER 1912;LEWITZKY 1931;HARADA 1943HARADA , 1956VIINIKKA 1971), and race B from brackish water habitats as well as from fresh waters in Denmark, German Democratic Republic (G.D.R. ), and Finland (WINGE 1927;VIINIKKA 1971).…”
Two races of Najas marina, designated A and B, can be distinguished on the basis of chromosome morphology. No B chromosomes have been found in plants from three localities of race A. However, in race B, plants with B chromosomes occurred in three out of the nine populations. Since the B chromosomes in these isolated populations were morphologically indistinguishable it was concluded that they are old and of common origin. A B chromosome causes a shift in bivalent types towards lower numbers of chiasmata. B chromosomes have a twofold effect on meiosis: a reduction in chiasma interference in euchromatic regions, and a decrease in chiasma frequency as well as a change in terminalization of chiasmata in the heterochromatic regions.
“…Der frühere Präsident der Internationalen Sauna-Gesellschaft, Lasse Viinikka, kommt in einer Übersicht „Sauna and Health“ hinsichtlich der Kenntnisse zur Prävention von Erkältungskrankheiten allerdings zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Thema zwar viel diskutiert, aber wenig erforscht wurde 23 . Seit der Studie von Ernst et al 7 hat sich auf diesem Gebiet in den letzten 30 Jahren wenig getan, was die Epidemiologie betrifft.…”
SummarySowohl Hitze als auch Kälte können helfen, die Gesundheit zu stabilisieren. Thermische Reize wirken sich positiv auf die Infektabwehr aus, indem sie den Körper „abhärten“. Sauna, Eisbaden und kleinere hydrotherapeutische Kaltreize haben verschiedene Wirkungen auf das Immunsystem. Eine Reihe von Studien belegen ihren Nutzen für die Abwehrkräfte bereits.
“…2017). In support of subspecific rank there are several pieces of evidence: for example, it shows the "karyotype B" (Viinikka & al. 1987) like N. marina subsp.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2017). On the other hand, in support of specific rank (an option adopted in recent times, for example by Feinbrun-Dothan 1991), the chromosome number 2n = 24, counted for plants from Israel (Viinikka & al. 1987), might indicate N. marina subsp.…”
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