A test of the substitution hypothesis: An analysis of urban and rural trends in solid/liquid poisoning suicides in Taiwan

Chen, Ying‐Yeh; Kwok, Chi-Leung; Yip, Paul S. F.; Wu, Kevin Chien-Chang

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.031

Cited by 10 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In high-income countries, suicide is more prevalent among elderly males 2 . Due to data privacy, we could not explore fluctuations between gender and age cohorts or differences across suicide methods 47 . Depression prevalence data, limited to one year, comprised all insured patients utilizing psychosocial services covered by public health insurance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Suicide Risk in Germany: A Longitudinal Study 2007–11

Helbich

Plener

Hartung

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Despite comprehensive prevention programs in Germany, suicide has been on the rise again since 2007. The underlying reasons and spatiotemporal risk patterns are poorly understood. We assessed the spatiotemporal risk of suicide per district attributable to multiple risk and protective factors longitudinally for the period 2007–11. Bayesian space–time regression models were fitted. The nationwide temporal trend showed an increase in relative risk (RR) of dying from suicide (RR 1.008, 95% credibility intervals (CI) 1.001–1.016), whereas district-specific deviations from the grand trend occurred. Striking patterns of amplified risk emerged in southern Germany. While the number of general practitioners was positively related (RR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000–1.006), income was negatively and non-linearly related with suicide risk, as was population density. Unemployment was associated and showed a marked nonlinearity. Neither depression prevalence nor mental health service supply were related. The findings are vital for the implementation of future suicide prevention programs. Concentrating preventive efforts on vulnerable areas of excess risk is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Suicide Risk in Germany: A Longitudinal Study 2007–11

Helbich

Plener

Hartung

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…modalities of help seeking and help provision, such as family and community-based therapies. Although largely successful, means restriction sometimes may be offset by methodology replacement in rural areas, which occurred in Taiwan, suggesting it is important to monitor causes of death for substitution of other types of potential suicide methodologies (Chen, Kwok, Yip, & Wu, 2013). In some studies, rural areas are reported to have lower rates of suicidal behavior than urban areas including in Mexico, Nigeria, Spain, and South Africa (Álvaro-Meca, Kneib, Gil-Prieto, & Gil de Miguel, 2013;Borges et al, 2009;Omigbodun, Dogra, Esan, & Adedokun, 2008;van Pletzen, Stein, Seedat, Williams, & Myer, 2012).…”

Section: Implications For Future Research and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in rural areas: An updated review of the literature.

Hirsch

Cukrowicz

2014

Journal of Rural Mental Health

172

157

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Suicide is a significant public health concern at a global level and occurs at a greater rate in rural compared with urban areas. A review of the literature on rural suicide indicates that a growing body of empirical, theoretical, and prevention work has been conducted on the topic, with an increasing number of countries represented and articles written. From an ecological perspective, current data and models suggest that our approach to understanding and preventing rural suicide must be multifaceted, addressing the individual level (e.g., traditional risk factors such as psychiatric illness), as well as the microsystem (e.g., family and peer relations), mesosystem (e.g., the interconnectedness between microsystems), exosystem (e.g., the rural community), and macrosystem (e.g., social norms) levels. Geographic and interpersonal isolation, agricultural or otherwise hazardous vocational demands, environmental and governmental policies, availability of means, lack of access to care and rural ideologies appear to contribute to suicide risk. Interventions must be community-driven, culturally acceptable and feasible within the context of available resources to be effective. Prospective research on risk and protective factors for rural suicide is required, as is development, implementation and assessment of interventions that are originated by, implemented in, and sensitive to the needs of rural communities.

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“…Previous studies reported that the suicide rate might depend on the degree of urbanity [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The reports on the difference in the suicide rates between the rural and urban areas are controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reports on the difference in the suicide rates between the rural and urban areas are controversial. Some studies showed higher rates in rural areas [ 5 , 13 , 15 , 17 ], but not all [ 8 , 14 , 16 ]. Some results were different according to gender and study period [ 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trend of Suicide Rates According to Urbanity among Adolescents by Gender and Suicide Method in Korea, 1997–2012

Choi

Kim

2015

IJERPH

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This study aims to quantifiably evaluate the trend of the suicide rate among Korean adolescents from 1997 to 2012 according to urbanity. We used national death certificates and registration population data by administrative district for 15–19 years-old adolescents. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were estimated by the Joinpoint Regression Program. The suicide rate in the rural areas was higher than that in the urban areas in both genders (males (/100,000), 12.2 vs. 8.5; females (/100,000), 10.2 vs. 7.4 in 2012). However, the trend significantly increased only in the urban area (AAPC [95% CI]: males 2.6 [0.7, 4.6], females 3.3 [1.4, 5.2]). In urban areas, the suicide rate by jumping significantly increased in both genders (AAPC [95% CI]: males, 6.7 [4.3, 9.1]; females, 4.5 [3.0, 6.1]). In rural areas, the rate by self-poisoning significantly decreased by 7.9% per year for males (95% CI: −12.5, −3.0) and the rate by hanging significantly increased by 10.1% per year for females (95% CI: 2.6, 18.2). The trend and methods of suicide differ according to urbanity; therefore, a suicide prevention policy based on urbanity needs to be established for adolescents in Korea.

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A test of the substitution hypothesis: An analysis of urban and rural trends in solid/liquid poisoning suicides in Taiwan

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Spatiotemporal Suicide Risk in Germany: A Longitudinal Study 2007–11

Spatiotemporal Suicide Risk in Germany: A Longitudinal Study 2007–11

Suicide in rural areas: An updated review of the literature.

Trend of Suicide Rates According to Urbanity among Adolescents by Gender and Suicide Method in Korea, 1997–2012

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