The relationship between social and cultural capital and academic achievement was explored in this study by administering the Social and Cultural Capital Questionnaire (SCCQ) to 320 undergraduate students majoring in English language, and correlating the respective subscales with the learners' university GPA. All five factors of SCCQ were found to be correlated significantly with the learners' GPA. Moreover, having conducted the regression analysis, the researchers found out that literacy and cultural competence were predictive of higher GPA. The researchers then entered parents' educational levels into the regression model. The results of this analysis indicated that, together with literacy, mother's educational level predicted 23% of the variances in learners' GPA. However, father's educational level was not a good predictor of academic achievement. The implications of the results were discussed within a foreign language context and suggestions were made for future research. Keywords: Academic achievement, Parental education, University GPA, Social and cultural capital, Foreign language context 1. Introduction One of the greatest concerns of educational sociology has been to see whether students' socio-economic backgrounds would bear any relationship to the measures of achievement. The concepts of cultural and social capital are increasingly used to explain differential academic achievement in developed as well as developing nations (e.g., Eng, 2009;Israel & Beaulieu, 2004; Merenluoto, 2009; Sandefur, Meier, & Hernandez, 1999). However, it seems that, the operationalisation of these concepts has not yet received substantial attention. It was not until recently that researchers have set about designing scales for the measurement of social and cultural capital. The first attempts were made by Pishghadam, Noghani, and Zabihi (2011) who designed and validated a 42-item questionnaire of social and cultural capital, and by Khodadady and Zabihi (In press) who have validated a revised version of the same scale comprising 35 items. There is an accord among researchers, in the area of education, on the necessity of recognizing the structure of relations among social and educational institutions by examining how individuals' different social and cultural experiences affect their educational outcomes (Eng, 2009; Kim & Schneider, 2005; Prado, 2009; Schlee, Mullis, & Shriner, 2009; Tramonte & Willms, 2010). Research in the domain of general education has shown that there is a high association between social and cultural capital and academic achievement (De Graaf, De Graaf, & Kraaykamp, 2000; Kim & Schneider, 2005; Prado, 2009). It means that those who have more access to these two types of capital are more successful in educational attainment. To our best knowledge, no study has been done to date to explore the relationship between social and cultural capital and university EFL students' academic achievement. Thus in this paper, we have examined the relationship between social and cultural capital and university G...