A Test of Lymphoma Induction by Long-Term Exposure of Eμ-Pim1 Transgenic Mice to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields

Harris, Alan W.; Basten, Antony; Gebski, Val; Noonan, Denise; Finnie, Brandon; Bath, Mary L.; Bangay, Michael J.; Repacholi, Michael H.

doi:10.2307/3579964

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The lymphoma incidence and survival rate were indistinguishable. Our data are consistent with the findings of Harris et al (34), who exposed E-Pim1 transgenic mice, which express a dysregulated Pim1 oncogene in their lymphoid cells, for up to 18 months to sinusoidal (1-1000 T) or pulsed (1000 T) 50 Hz magnetic fields and did not observe differences in spontaneous lymphoma development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

The Risk of Lymphoma in AKR/J Mice does not Rise with Chronic Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields (1 μT and 100 μT)

Sommer

Lerchl

2004

Radiation Research

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Some epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to 50 or 60 Hz magnetic fields might increase the risk of leukemia, especially in children with a comparable high residential exposure. To investigate this possibility experimentally, the influence of 50 Hz magnetic-field exposure on lymphoma induction was determined in a mouse strain that is genetically predisposed to this disease. The AKR/J mouse genome carries the AK virus, which leads within 1 year to spontaneous development of thymic lymphoblastic lymphoma. Beginning at an age of 4-5 weeks, groups of 160 female mice were sham-exposed or exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1 or 100 microT for 24 h per day, 7 days per week, for 38 weeks. Animals were checked visually daily and were weighed and palpated weekly. There was no effect of magnetic-field exposure on body weight gain or survival rate, and lymphoma incidence did not differ between exposed and sham-exposed animals. Therefore, these data do not support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields is a significant risk factor for developing hematopoietic malignancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

The Risk of Lymphoma in AKR/J Mice does not Rise with Chronic Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields (1 μT and 100 μT)

Sommer

Lerchl

2004

Radiation Research

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“…Several studies reported that the ELF-EMF has no effect on cognitive behaviors such as attention, performance and memory span (Cook et al, 2006;Kurokawa et al, 2003;Trimmel and Schweiger, 1998). Another study also reported that long-term radiation exposure to 50 Hz and 500 μT has significant effect on the mobility of irradiated animals (Harris et al, 1998). Taken together, these results confirm that the ELF-EMF is able to induce behavioral changes under certain conditions (Ossenkopp et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Common behaviors alterations after extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure in rat animal model

Mahdavi

Sahraei

Rezaei‐Tavirani

et al. 2015

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

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Naturally, the presence of electromagnetic waves in our living environment affects all components of organisms, particularly humans and animals, as the large part of their body consists of water. In the present study, we tried to investigate the relation between exposure to the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and common behaviors such as body weight, food and water intake, anorexia (poor appetite), plasma glucose concentration, movement, rearing and sniffing in rats. For this purpose, rats were exposed to 40 Hz ELF-EMF once a day for 21 days, then at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after exposure, any changes in the above-mentioned items were assessed in the exposed rats and compared to the non-exposed group as control. Body weight of irradiated rats significantly increased only a week after exposure and decreased after that. No significant change was observed in food and water intake of irradiated rats compared to the control, and the anorexia parameter in the group exposed to ELF-EMF was significantly decreased at one and two weeks after irradiation. A week after exposure, the level of glucose was significantly increased but at other days these changes were not significant. Movements, rearing and sniffing of rats at day 1 after exposure were significantly decreased and other days these changes did not follow any particular pattern. However, the result of this study demonstrated that exposure to ELF-EMF can alter the normal condition of animals and may represent a harmful impact on behavior.

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“…After 10 months of age, nonlymphoblastic lymphomas predominate (83,112). These mice are susceptible to point-mutation-inducing genotoxic carcinogens such as ENU (113,114) and to other genotoxic carcinogens including X-irradiation (90), benzo[a]pyrene (115), and the heterocyclic amine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo- [4,5-b]pyridine (116).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the transgenic models involving the pim oncogene that have been used to test for possible effects of EMF (77,83), pim-1 is linked to the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (Eg). This linkage mimics the chromosomal translocation associated with lymphoid tumors and promotes transgene expression in both T and B cells (105,111).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential Carcinogenic Activity of Magnetic Fields Using Animal Models

McCann¹,

Kavet²,

Rafferty³

2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

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We update our 1997 publication by reviewing 29 new reports of tests of magnetic fields (MFs) in six different in vivo animal models of carcinogenesis: 2-year, lifetime, or multigeneration exposure studies in rats or mice; and promotion/progression models (rat mammary carcinoma, rat liver focus, mouse skin, several models of human leukemia/lymphoma in rats and mice, and brain cancer in rats). Individual experiments are evaluated using a set of data quality criteria, and summary judgments are made across multiple experiments by applying a criterion of rough reproducibility. The potential for carcinogenicity of MFs is discussed in light of the significant body of carcinogenesis data from animal bioassays that now exists. Excluding abstracts, approximately 80% of the 41 completed studies identified in this and our previous review roughly satisfy data quality criteria. Among these studies, the criterion for independent reproducibility is not satisfied for any positive results but is satisfied for negative results in chronic bioassays in rats and mice and for negative results in both promotion and co-promotion assays using the SENCAR mouse skin model. Results of independent replication studies using the rat mammary carcinoma model were conflicting. We conclude that long-term exposure to continuous 50-or 60-Hz MFs in the range of 0.002-5 mT is unlikely to result in carcinogenesis in rats or mice. Though results of most promotion/progression assays are negative, a weak promoting effect of MFs under certain exposure conditions cannot be ruled out based on available data.

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A Test of Lymphoma Induction by Long-Term Exposure of Eμ-Pim1 Transgenic Mice to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

The Risk of Lymphoma in AKR/J Mice does not Rise with Chronic Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields (1 μT and 100 μT)

The Risk of Lymphoma in AKR/J Mice does not Rise with Chronic Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields (1 μT and 100 μT)

Common behaviors alterations after extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure in rat animal model

Assessing the Potential Carcinogenic Activity of Magnetic Fields Using Animal Models

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