A test of fruit varieties on entry rate and development by neonate larvae of the codling moth, <i><scp>C</scp>ydia pomonella</i>

Davis, Thomas Seth; Garczynski, Stephen F.; Stevens‐Rumann, Camille S.; Landolt, Peter J.

doi:10.1111/eea.12097

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In organic plum orchards, good fruit protection can be achieved by alternating a low number of spinosad applications and mineral oil applications, despite the short period of effectiveness typical of spinosad [27].In other tortricid species, the effect of the cultivar in the oviposition choice has been assessed in field studies for Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller), Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hübner) Grapholita molesta (Busck), and Cydia pomonella (L.) [28][29][30][31]. In laboratory tests, preference for different apple cultivar was demonstrated for C. pomonella [32], whereas the influence of fruit characteristics like shape, size, texture and colour on L. botrana and E. ambiguella have been studied [33]. Moreover, differences in L. botrana performance (larval development time, fecundity, egg size and egg hatchability) due to grape cultivar have been investigated [34][35][36].The oviposition behaviour of lepidopterans and the selection of an egg-laying site depends upon the multimodal integration of sensory cues in the host location and selection processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Rizzo

Farina

Saiano

et al. 2019

Insects

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The effective control of the plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) still represents a difficult challenge for organic plum farming. Little information is available on the susceptibility of plum cultivars to this moth pest. We investigated the roles of several fruit parameters (i.e., shape, volume, hardness, fruit colour, and physiochemical properties) on the susceptibility of four different plum cultivars (Angeleno, Friar, President and Stanley) to G. funebrana attack. Field data demonstrated the importance of some fruit parameters (i.e., elongation index, sugar degree, titratable acidity, cover colour percentage) on susceptibility to G. funebrana infestation. Under laboratory conditions, colour and shape had a significant role in determining the time spent on false fruits, i.e., female moths preferred yellow and rounded fruits over elongated red or green fruits. Angeleno (yellow and rounded fruits) and Stanley (green and elongated fruits) were the most and least susceptible cultivars, respectively. Overall, this study adds useful knowledge about plum cultivar susceptibility to G. funebrana. Information reported here may be useful to improve integrated pest management strategies both in conventional and organic orchards because the use of less susceptible cultivars may reduce insecticidal treatments, limiting the development of resistance in target insects and the harmful side effects on beneficial species.Insects 2019, 10, 444 2 of 16 of the susceptibility of different plum cultivars to the main pests can provide useful information for plum improvement programs and pest management strategies.Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera Tortricidae), the plum fruit moth (PFM), is one of the main pests of plum orchards in Europe. This species is oligophagous and attacks different host plants within the family Rosaceae, such as the fruits of plums, cherries, and peaches. This moth can complete one or two generations per year in many parts of central and eastern Europe [19] and three generations per year in Italy [20,21]. As with other moths, females of PFM attract mates using pheromone signals [22][23][24] and lay eggs on developing fruits of host plants [25]. Neonate larvae typically bore into immature fruits, where they feed and develop until pupation. Damage is due to the feeding activity of the larvae inside the fruits, which causes changes in fruit colouration, early ripening and fruit fall. Furthermore, infested fruits show penetration holes made by neonate larvae, which are characterised by the presence of gum, and exit holes made by mature larvae leaving the fruit [26]. Both result in reduced marketability and significant yield decreases. In conventional agriculture, this pest is primarily controlled by the use of broad-spectrum insecticides [19]. In organic plum orchards, good fruit protection can be achieved by alternating a low number of spinosad applications and mineral oil applications, despite the short period of effectiveness typical of spinosad [27].In other tortricid spec...

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confidence: 99%

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Rizzo

Farina

Saiano

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…This can be explained by the lower longevity of females on 'Gala' (Table 4). In general, the TNE and NEF on fruits were larger than on the diet (Figure 3), probably because commercial diets are not sufficiently balanced with the secondary nutrients found in fruits that are responsible for stimulating females (Bauerfeind and Fischer, 2005;Davis et al, 2013;Strapasson et al, 2016). In addition, NEF on 'Eva' was decreased by the greater DELA, while DEP increased with an increasing DELA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These results follow those obtained by Najar-Rodriguez et al (2013) (25.0% shorter IDP on apple fruits than in artificial diet). Apple fruits are considered an intermediate substrate for GM (Myers et al, 2006c;Myers et al, 2007;Najar-Rodriguez et al, 2013) because they produce substances containing complexes that inhibit the digestive and nutritional processes of the larvae (Scriber and Slanski Junior, 1981;Bauerfeind and Fischer, 2005;Davis et al, 2013). The presence of allelochemicals, proteins and vitamins makes the fitness cost of full development higher, influencing fertility and longevity (Panizzi and Parra, 1991;Arioli et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This behavior of reducing the larval phase or the number of instars seems natural under ideal feeding conditions (Panizzi and Parra, 1991;Nylin and Gotthard, 1998;Davis et al, 2013) and will produce more vigorous, fertile and long-lived adults (Bauerfeind and Fischer, 2005). Although holometabolous insect diets and energetic needs change between life stages (Bauerfeind and Fischer, 2005), it appears that adults tend to improve upon the existing nutritional mechanisms as they multiply for several generations on the same food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a short-cycle apple tree cultivar on oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) development and larval behavior

Monteiro

Niederheitmann

2022

Braz. J. Biol.

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The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busch, 1916) has historically been a major problem in traditional apple-growing regions in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina; however, a lower occurrence of G. molesta has been observed in early variety (‘Eva’) than long cycles cultivar 'Gala' in Paraná State. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of immature and adult G. molesta in apple cultivars with short and long cycles, in addition to elucidating whether there is adaptive potential for development and fertility from the first generation to the fourth. The experimental treatments consisted of larvae fed ‘Eva’ and ‘Gala’ fruit and a commercial diet. Immature development time, head capsule width, longevity and reproductive parameters were compared across the treatments. The larvae of the fourth generation exhibited better performance than those of the first on ‘Eva’ and 'Gala’. Immature oriental fruit moth development occurred via four or five instars. A greater number of larvae with four instars occurred on 'Eva' than on ‘Gala’. The head capsule width was narrower on 'Gala' than on ‘Eva’ for larvae with four instars. Females reared on ‘Eva’ also laid more eggs than those reared on ‘Gala’. The larvae that were more adapted to the feeding conditions showed reduced cycles/instars, and the females exhibited better performance when new generations originated from the same substrate. The high fluctuation of G. molesta in 'Gala' orchards is not due to the nutritional condition of the fruits.

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“…Fleshy fruits are recognised as having constitutive defences, which include the mechanical defences of pericarp toughness and thickness [ 17 , 18 ] and chemical defences, such as toxic secondary metabolites and oils in fruit flesh [ 6 , 19 , 20 ] and peel [ 21 , 22 ]. High concentrations of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in immature apple fruit inhibit Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) larval development [ 23 ], while essential oils in the flavedo layer of Citrus peel protects those fruits against several species of tephritid fruit fly [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Both chemical and mechanical defensive strategies are stronger in unripe fruit and gradually decrease during fruit ripening [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Fly Larval Survival in Picked and Unpicked Tomato Fruit of Differing Ripeness and Associated Gene Expression Patterns

Roohigohar

Clarke

Strutt

et al. 2022

Insects

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The larvae of frugivorous tephritid fruit flies feed within fruit and are global pests of horticulture. With the reduced use of pesticides, alternative control methods are needed, of which fruit resistance is one. In the current study, we explicitly tested for phenotypic evidence of induced fruit defences by running concurrent larval survival experiments with fruit on or off the plant, assuming that defence induction would be stopped or reduced by fruit picking. This was accompanied by RT-qPCR analysis of fruit defence and insect detoxification gene expression. Our fruit treatments were picking status (unpicked vs. picked) and ripening stage (colour break vs. fully ripe), our fruit fly was the polyphagous Bactrocera tryoni, and larval survival was assessed through destructive fruit sampling at 48 and 120 h, respectively. The gene expression study targeted larval and fruit tissue samples collected at 48 h and 120 h from picked and unpicked colour-break fruit. At 120 h in colour-break fruit, larval survival was significantly higher in the picked versus unpicked fruit. The gene expression patterns in larval and plant tissue were not affected by picking status, but many putative plant defence and insect detoxification genes were upregulated across the treatments. The larval survival results strongly infer an induced defence mechanism in colour-break tomato fruit that is stronger/faster in unpicked fruits; however, the gene expression patterns failed to provide the same clear-cut treatment effect. The lack of conformity between these results could be related to expression changes in unsampled candidate genes, or due to critical changes in gene expression that occurred during the unsampled periods.

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A test of fruit varieties on entry rate and development by neonate larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Effect of a short-cycle apple tree cultivar on oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) development and larval behavior

Fruit Fly Larval Survival in Picked and Unpicked Tomato Fruit of Differing Ripeness and Associated Gene Expression Patterns

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